CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT OF MEAN TEMPERATURE

Mean temperature is employed universally as an index to the energy status of the environment, and to indicate probable reaction rates of physical and biological processes in nature. A versatile chemical method of temperature integration, based on the temperature dependence of sucrose hydrolysis, has been tested in central Pennsylvania. The chemical technique (after Pallmann) permits economical mass sampling of air, water, and soil temperatures in situations where conventional methods are too expensive or otherwise unsatisfactory. Short-wave radiation effects are negligible since the sensing elements are transparent. Repeatability is excellent: in field tests duplicate sensors yield the same mean temperature ± 0.02°C. Non-linearity of sensor response has been resolved, and the data can be related directly to measurements obtained in standard climatological networks. The technique can be used to good advantage in a variety of hydrological investigations, including evaporation, consumptive-use, and them pollution studies.     

OPTIMIZING FLOOD CONTROL ALLOCATION FOR A MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT. In the last decade much research has been devoted to applying the systems analysis approach to water resources problems. A popular research goal has been determination of the “best” method of operating a multipurpose reservoir. The goal of this study was to derive the economically optimum flood control diagram for a multipurpose reservoir by systems analysis. The technique employed to optimize the flood control diagram was programmed so that the optimization process could be applied to other multipurpose reservoirs. Two computer programs developed at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Hydrologic Engineering Center were utilized with modifications to simulate the operation of Folsom Reservoir in central California. Economic analyses were incorporated along with an optimization technique into the reservoir operations program; and the resultant program was capable of routing a sequence of monthly reservoir inflows, computing benefits for various flood control diagrams (as dictated by the optimization procedure), and selecting the economically optimum flood control diagram. The univariate gradient technique was the optimization procedure employed. The two computer programs are on file at the Hydrologic Engineering Center in Davis, California.     

Design of unsurfaced roads constructed with large-size shredded rubber tires: a case study

Stockpiles of scrap tires are serious fire hazard, public health hazard, and an environmental burden. The construction of road embankments, using tire shreds as a lightweight fill, can consume large quantities of scrap tires and has certain engineering benefits. All the previous research focused on small size tire shreds (3–6 in. size) in terms of its use in civil engineering applications and determination of the engineering/environmental properties. This research specifically focuses on large size tire shreds (12 in. size) and its direct comparison with the other sizes of the tire shreds to develop mechanistic-empirical practical design model and so that the use of tire shreds in road bases could be used on regular basis with enhanced reliability instead of on an empirical basis. The research also examines the potential environmental implications of the use of shredded rubber tires and the comparison of the short-term results with other long-term monitoring studies.     

加氨脱除SO_2过程的铵盐回收研究

论述了加入NH_3的热化学脱除硫过程,以及湿度、NH_3/SO_2摩尔比、温度对铵盐回收率的影响规律。从中发现当湿度大于17％RH、NH_3/SO_2摩尔比大于2时,对铵盐回收率影响不大。然而气体的对铵盐回收率影响甚大,当温度高于54℃时用电收尘器收集时铵盐回收率低于10％;温度在30℃左右时,铵盐回收率高达90％以上。解决了热化学干法脱硫的铵盐回收难点。     

巷道围岩温度分布及调热圈半径的影响因素分析

分析了巷道壁面水分蒸发情况下通风时间、岩石的热物理性质、巷道几何尺寸、巷道风流与围岩壁面的对流换热系数、壁面湿度系数与风流相对湿度的变化对围岩温度分布及调热圈半径的影响。随着通风时间的延长 ,围岩冷却范围逐渐向围岩内部推移 ,推移速度逐渐降低 ;巷道壁面水分蒸发和风流相对湿度对靠近壁面处围岩温度分布影响很大 ,但对深部围岩温度分布的影响逐渐变小 ,所以对调热圈半径的影响很小 ;岩石导温系数对调热圈半径及其内部的温度分布影响较大。巷道壁面风流与围岩的换热系数和巷道的几何尺寸对巷道围岩的冷却范围影响非常小。     

采空区遗煤自燃过程及其规律的数值模拟研究

基于非均质多孔介质中的连续性方程、多相气体渗流———扩散方程和综合传热方程,建立了工作面动态推进下的采空区自燃数值模型。结合实例,从理论上描绘了工作面开采过程中采空区的漏风流态、氧、CO、瓦斯和温度等分布状态及其动态过程。计算中考虑了瓦斯涌出对自燃的耦合作用;工作面动态推进对自燃的影响,以及沿边界冒落非压实性对漏风供氧、自燃高温区产生的影响。从理论上重点讨论了采空区自燃与各因素的定量化关系,得出自然发火期与煤氧化速度、工作面风量二者均呈显著的反比例关系;对于综放工作面采场漏风供氧系统,自然发火期主要取决于煤的耗氧能力,提高工作面风量仅能扩大自燃高温区的范围,增大自燃的发生几率;提高推进度能显著延长采空区自然发火期,呈指数变化。     

Q235钢在火灾条件下的力学性能研究

在试验的基础上,对建筑中常用的Q235铜在火灾条件下的力学性能进行了研究,获得了Q235钢的屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量、极限应变等力学性能随温度变化而变化的规律,并对影响Q235钢力学性能的因素进行了分析。     

温度变化实验和温度循环筛选

本文阐述了温度变化试验和温度循环试验方法和对产品质量影响的重要性.     

标准受火条件下考虑水分迁移混凝土板温度场数值计算

火灾（高温）条件下,钢筋混凝土构件中水分的蒸发迁移会改变构件内部的传热过程,导致温升及局部温度分布发生变化。本文尝试在一定假设条件的基础上建立简单的水分蒸发迁移模型来考虑水分对混凝土板温升过程及温度分布的影响,进而对计算温度场进行适当修正。