临近断层特厚煤层分层开采冲击地压发生机制

为了研究临近断层分层开采的冲击地压发生机制,以老虎台矿特厚煤层开采为研究背景,采用地质动力区划方法、数值模拟和现场监测方法对井田的地质动力环境、临近断层开采的围岩应力分布规律和断层滑移特征及其与冲击地压的关系进行了研究。采用地质动力区划方法,将老虎台井田断裂构造划分为5级,通过地震和矿震分布情况,确定老虎台矿地质构造活跃,处于较高的应力环境;采用FLAC3D数值模拟和锚索应力监测方法,分析断层围岩应力演化规律和断层滑移规律,在断层和开采共同作用下工作面断层侧超前支承压力急剧升高。结果表明,地质动力环境为冲击地压的发生创造了外界环境条件,断层和采动的耦合作用是冲击地压诱发的主要原因。     

Safety performance evaluation of cable median barriers on freeways in Florida

Objective: This article aims to evaluate the safety performance of cable median barriers on freeways in Florida.

Method: The safety performance evaluation was based on the percentages of barrier and median crossovers by vehicle type, crash severity, and cable median barrier type (Trinity Cable Safety System [CASS] and Gibraltar system). Twenty-three locations with cable median barriers totaling about 101 miles were identified. Police reports of 6,524 crashes from years 2005–2010 at these locations were reviewed to verify and obtain detailed crash information. A total of 549 crashes were determined to be barrier related (i.e., crashes involving vehicles hitting the cable median barrier) and were reviewed in further detail to identify crossover crashes and the manner in which the vehicles crossed the barriers; that is, by either overriding, underriding, or penetrating the barriers.

Results: Overall, 2.6% of vehicles that hit the cable median barrier crossed the median and traversed into the opposite travel lane. Overall, 98.1% of cars and 95.5% of light trucks that hit the barrier were prevented from crossing the median. In other words, 1.9% of cars and 4.5% of light trucks that hit the barrier had crossed the median and encroached on the opposite travel lanes. There is no significant difference in the performance of cable median barrier for cars versus light trucks in terms of crossover crashes. In terms of severity, overrides were more severe compared to underrides and penetrations. The statistics showed that the CASS and Gibraltar systems performed similarly in terms of crossover crashes. However, the Gibraltar system experienced a higher proportion of penetrations compared to the CASS system. The CASS system resulted in a slightly higher percentage of moderate and minor injury crashes compared to the Gibraltar system.

Conclusions: Cable median barriers are successful in preventing median crossover crashes; 97.4% of the cable median barrier crashes were prevented from crossing over the median. Of all of the vehicles that hit the barrier, 83.6% were either redirected or contained by the cable barrier system. Barrier crossover crashes were found to be more severe compared to barrier noncrossover crashes. In addition, overrides were found to be more severe compared to underrides and penetrations.     

电缆隧道作业环境调查

对电缆隧道作业环境进行调查、测量和评价,提出了防护建议。     

石化企业电力电缆振荡波局部放电检测技术探讨

针对石化企业电力电缆故障率较高的现状,探索了电缆振荡波局部放电检测及故障定位的原理,通过搭建500 m的10 kV高压电缆实验平台,分别开展典型绝缘缺陷的串联谐振、振荡波对比实验研究,并尝试了振荡波局部放电检测方法在企业现场的应用。通过电力电缆振荡波与串联谐振的对比实验发现,在检测电缆绝缘缺陷时二者具有一定的等效性,可以通过局部放电量的大小和变化趋势来综合判定电缆绝缘缺陷的劣化程度,且振荡波检测技术具有测试时间短、设备便携、可准确定位缺陷位置、不会对电缆造成损伤等技术优势,在石化企业具有良好的应用前景。     

火电厂电缆安全状况调查

通过对30家火电厂92台机组电缆安全状况的调查,研究了火电厂电缆安全技术管理体系的建立和执行情况、电缆设备状况、电缆安全技术措施以及运行管理状况。指出火电厂电缆安全状况在安全管理体系不健全、电缆设备安全隐患较多、安全技术措施不到位且运行管理相对较为松懈等问题,加大了火电厂电缆事故发生机率。针对电缆安全技术现状和管理现状,提出了提高和改善火电厂电缆安全水平的技术和管理措施。     

露天矿最终边坡角的快速拉格朗日有限差分法研究

某露天钼矿,矿体为石英粗面岩,下盘为流纹岩,上盘为粗面凝灰岩。原设计坑底标高为630 m,最终边坡角上盘实际取48°,下盘取50°。二期设计坑底标高为500 m。为了探索露天坑底延伸后的最终边坡角,分别应用ANSYS和快速拉格朗日有限差分法(FLAC-3D),研究矮台阶和高台阶开采的边坡稳定性及局部边坡加固方法。结果表明:应用ANSYS软件在D-P准则下研究最终边坡角及边坡稳定性是不合适的;由FLAC-3D得出经济合理的最终边坡角为48°~50°。为确保边坡的长期稳定,应用长8 m的锚索加固局部台阶,可减小其潜在的受拉区中的拉应力值;按一根锚索承担的台阶潜在的受拉区的岩体自重施加锚固力是合理的;若高台阶坡面角不变,边坡稳定性略有恶化;降低高台阶坡面角可加大边坡的稳定性。在莫尔-库伦准则下FLAC-3D适合搜索岩质边坡的潜在受拉区,据此确定最终边坡角技术可行、经济合理、简便适用。用该方法研究最终边坡角,克服了极限平衡法必须事先假定滑动面的弱点。     

硅橡胶电缆材料真空烘烤除气参数实验分析方法

目的在于通过硅橡胶电缆护套材料真空出气性能研究,分析材料真空烘烤除气的参数。方法是依据真空中材料出气性能测试标准,测试电缆材料使用温度范围内,不同温度条件下材料的质量损失(TML)、收集的可凝挥发物量(CVCM),分析材料出气参数的变化。结果硅橡胶电缆材料出气温度85℃时,CVCM量值与75℃时基本相同,出气温度95℃时,CVCM量值是85℃时的4倍,且收集到的物质组分也明显增加;出气温度85℃条件下,24小时后材料的质量损失约占总质量损失的94%。结论通过材料出气性能实验方法,有效获得了硅橡胶电缆材料真空烘烤除气参数,体电阻率测试结果检验了真空烘烤除气参数的合理性。     

苏通大桥结构健康状态评估技术研究与应用(1):拉索损伤识别

采用改进的RBF神经网络建立了苏通大桥拉索损伤识别方法。2个不同阶固有频率之比是仅与损伤位置有关的结构振动参数,据此定义了用于损伤定位的损伤特征指标,并用其来训练神经网络;提出了基于R2+准则与Jackknife校验的改进RBF算法,以有效地控制RBF网络的过拟合现象。算例结果表明,所提出的方法可以较好地对苏通大桥斜拉索进行损伤识别。     

拉萨站线缆材料短期试验性能分析

分析了线缆材料在拉萨自然环境试验站中1～2年的短周期试验性能变化。线缆高分子材料在土壤环境中性能变化较小,而在大气环境中力学性能有所下降,HDPE耐环境性能、应力开裂性能下降26％;金属在土壤环境中腐蚀较轻。拉萨大气与土壤自然环境对材料的短期腐蚀（老化）作用比较轻微。     

核电站电缆安全使用寿命评定方法

针对核电站电缆寿命评定试验的若干要素,结合该类电缆常用的两种高分子绝缘材料即交联聚乙烯和低烟无卤交联聚乙烯的特点,设计了完善其安全寿命评定试验的方案,并按相关要求进行长达5000h的试验,该方案运用数理统计中准确性较高的最小二乘法原理对试验数据进行处理,克服了以电性能加速老化手段评估电缆安全寿命时准确性较差的缺陷。最终结果验证了该类电缆能够满足其使用60年的要求,对核电站电缆的设计及安全运行具有重要的现实意义。