Simulation of the flow of an explosive atmosphere exposed to a hot surface

The accidental ignition of combustible atmospheres by hot surfaces is of great concern for chemical and process plant safety. In this paper, we present our research regarding the evolution of thermal plumes originating from hot hemispheres and discs. In particular, we focus on the effect of the orientation of the surface on the ignition process. The auto-ignition temperatures and ignition locations were studied experimentally. To get further insight, we conducted detailed numerical simulations and validated them with measurements. Three-dimensional simulations were performed on hot hemispheres and hot discs for different orientations ranging from 0° to 180°. The solver employs a transient, implicit scheme which is based on the coupled heat transfer and flow equations. The mesh in the vicinity of the hot surfaces is refined to resolve the steep temperature gradients and to capture the boundary layer separation. The influence of the orientation on critical hot spots in the gas mixture is analysed by examining the flow structures and the temperature evolution of the buoyancy-driven flow. Using the obtained results, we discuss the change of the onset and location of the ignition.     

Thermal hazard and decomposition kinetics of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrate via TGA/DSC and FTIR

1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrate ([Bmmim][NO₃]), a kind of versatile and novel ionic liquids, is widely applied in the modern petrochemical industry. Nevertheless, its thermal hazard safety data at high temperature or thermal disturbance conditions are currently unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the thermal risk of [Bmmim][NO₃] through auto-ignition temperature measurements, flash point analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), TGA-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) and thermal decomposition kinetics analysis. Additionally, [Bmmim][NO₃] was examined using isothermal thermogravimetric analysis at different temperatures (220, 230, 240, 250, 260 and 270 °C). The experimental results show that the flash point of [Bmmim][NO₃] is 305.70 ± 9.30 °C and the auto-ignition temperature is 341.00 ± 21.60 °C with an ignition delay time of 8.6 s. In addition, using the nitrogen atmosphere TGA data to calculate the activation energy according to the Friedman, Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, roughly the same results were obtained. Finally, TGA-FTIR results show that [Bmmim][NO₃] produced acetylene, butane, butanol and carbon dioxide during the thermal decomposition process. This study could provide data support and some guidance for the thermal hazard assessment and safety control of [Bmmim][NO₃] during its use and storage.     

Review of hydrogen safety during storage,transmission, and applications processes

Hydrogen is considered an excellent clean fuel with potential applications in several fields. There are serious safety concerns associated with the hydrogen process. These concerns need to be thoroughly understood and addressed to ensure its safe operation. To better understand the safety challenges of hydrogen use, application, and process, it is essential to undertake a detailed risk analysis. This can be achieved by performing detailed consequence modellings and assessing risk using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. This study comprehensively reviews and analyses safety challenges related to hydrogen, focusing on hydrogen storage, transmission, and application processes. Range of release and dispersion scenarios are investigated to analyse associated hazards. Approaches to quantitative risk assessment are also briefly discussed.     

三环唑粉尘爆炸特性研究

利用激光粒度仪对三环唑粉尘的粒径分布进行分析,并用20 L爆炸球测试装置、哈特曼管装置探讨了粉尘质量浓度、点火延迟时间、点火能量、粒径分布对粉尘爆炸的影响并总结了相关规律。实验结果表明:粉尘粒度是影响粉尘最小点火能和爆炸下限的单调因素,粉尘质量浓度是影响粉尘爆炸压力的极值因素,点火延迟时间是影响粉尘最小点火能的极值因素。     

静电喷漆作业的防火防爆

静电喷漆工艺应用普及很快,但其生产过程的火灾危险性属甲类。其火灾危险主要在于使用的漆料或有机溶剂,喷漆作业中存在电火花、静电火花、高温热表面、自然发热等引火源。为防止火灾爆炸发生,要注重防火防爆安全管理和强化必要的安全技术措施。     

煤矿巷道瓦斯爆炸传播规律及破坏效应分析

井下瓦斯爆炸的影响因素众多,随机性强,分析和研究瓦斯爆炸的传播规律只有通过巷道模拟实验的方法。通过对爆炸过程中爆炸压力、温度、速度等相关参数随时间、空间的变化规律的分析,进一步研究瓦斯爆炸的机理和破坏效应,在煤矿生产过程中采取合适的阻隔防爆技术措施,减少瓦斯爆炸带来的损失。     

易燃液体仓库安全监控系统研究

通过对易燃液体仓库的潜在危险的分析和研究,以及火灾爆炸危险性分析,说明安全监控技术的重要性。在对监测参数进行分析的基础上,给出了对监测易燃液体仓库的安全监控系统和监测点的布置以及采用合适的探测器。     

基于层次分析法的烟火药制造过程爆炸事故分析

结合烟花爆竹行业安全评价经验,在危险源辨识理论的指导下,运用因果图法对该过程发生的爆炸事故进行定性分析,找出导致事故发生的因素;再运用层次分析法(AHP)进行定量分析,建立层次结构模型,求出各因素的权重,得出各因素的重要程度,从而确定导致事故发生的关键因素,以此作为事故预防的重点。结果表明,人的不安全行为是影响事故的主导因素,此结论符合烟花爆竹行业生产现状,可以为企业制定合理的、有针对性的对策措施提供依据。     

条形障碍物对瓦斯爆炸特性影响研究

我国煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故不断出现,造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失,在置障条件下研究瓦斯爆炸特性,对预防和减少瓦斯爆炸事故具有重要意义。利用水平管道式爆炸试验装置,研究密闭管道内条形障碍物的数量和阻塞率对管道内瓦斯最大爆炸压力、火焰速度、最大爆炸压力上升速率和爆炸指数的影响以及敞口状态的影响。研究表明:障碍物对瓦斯爆炸具有显著激励作用,管道内瓦斯最大爆炸压力、火焰速度、最大爆炸压力上升速率和爆炸指数均显著增大,随着障碍物数量和阻塞率的增加,激励作用越明显;敞口状态下管道内最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率和爆炸指数均显著减小,火焰持续传播。研究结果对防治煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故提供一定的理论支持。     

防火防爆用网状金属材料

网状金属材料具有优异的防火防爆性能,良好的机械性能以及缓和燃油冲击等性能。分析了网状金属材料的防火防爆机理,介绍了其应用情况。