热脱附气相色谱法测定大气中氯苯类化合物

使用热脱附解析气相色谱法测定7种氯苯类化合物。研究表明该方法在0.005~1.0mg/m3浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,氯苯化合物回收率为95.2%~1 07%,相对标准偏差为2.6%~3.3%,检出限为0.005 m g/m3均能较好地满足实验室分析要求,且样品在热脱附管内保存期可达7d。     

汽爆预处理对互花米草厌氧发酵产气特性的影响

针对互花米草厌氧发酵过程存在的结构抑制问题,采用高速汽爆设备,在1.5,2.0,3.0MPa条件下分别对其进行蒸汽爆破预处理试验,并采用揉搓处理作为对照.厌氧发酵试验结果表明,随汽爆压力的增加,累积产气率呈下降趋势,1.5,2.0,3.0MPa处理原料的单位挥发性固体(VS)累积产气量分别为293.6,176.1,145.4mL/g,对照为238.7mL/g.经2.0,3.0MPa处理的原料在发酵过程中存在酸积累现象,挥发性有机酸(VFA)中乙酸最高达10599.42mg/L,丙酸浓度高于1000mg/L,这是导致这2组原料累积产气量低于对照的主要原因.     

Low-maturity Kulthieth Formation Coal: A Possible Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Benthic Sediment of the Northern Gulf of Alaska

The successful application of forensic geology to contamination studies involving natural systems requires identification of appropriate endmembers and an understanding of the geologic setting and processes affecting the systems. Studies attempting to delineate the background, or natural, source for hydrocarbon contamination in Gulf of Alaska (GOA) benthic sediments have invoked a number of potential sources, including seep oils, source rocks, and coal. Oil seeps have subsequently been questioned as significant sources of hydrocarbons present in benthic sediments of the GOA in part because the pattern of relative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundance characteristic of benthic GOA sediments is inconsistent with patterns typical of weathered seep oils. Likewise, native coal has been dismissed in part because ratios of labile hydrocarbons to total organic carbon (e.g. PAH: TOC) for Bering River coal field (BRCF) sources are too low--i.e. the coals are over mature--to be consistent with GOA sediments. We present evidence here that native coal may have been prematurely dismissed, because BRCF coals do not adequately represent the geochemical signatures of coals elsewhere in the Kulthieth Formation. Contrary to previous thought, Kulthieth Formation coals east of the BRCF have much higher PAH: TOC ratios, and the patterns of labile hydrocarbons in these low thermal maturity coals suggest a possible genetic relationship between Kulthieth Formation coals and nearby oil seeps on the Sullivan anticline. Analyses of low-maturity Kulthieth Formation coal indicate the low maturity coal is a significant source of PAH. Source apportionment models that neglect this source will underestimate the contribution of native coals to the regional background hydrocarbon signature.     

热解吸/GC/MS联用测定石化工业区大气环境中挥发性有机物

采用二次热解吸／气相色谱／质谱联用测定石化工业区大气环境中挥发性有机物,质谱检测器同时进行全扫描和选择离子扫描,全扫描定性,选择离子扫描和内标法定量。方法线性良好,50种目标化合物的检出限为0.14ng-2.45ng,在3个浓度水平的加标回收试验中,1,1-二氯乙烯和二氯甲烷回收率较低,氯仿和苯低浓度回收率较差,其余46种目标化合物的回收率为83.4％-116％,RSD为0.5％-8.9％。     

温升包络线在核电站温排水监测中的应用

采用核电站温排水遥感监测影像叠加合并方法提取温升包络线,监测核电站附近海域海表温升数据,确定核电温排水的影响范围,对海面温升面积进行计算,判断核电站温排水是否符合我国相关海洋空间管理标准。以某核电站实例表明,通过遥感监测获得的温升包络线在核电站温排水监测中具有应用价值。     

化工园区安全及环境危险性分析

国内化工园区的建设方兴未艾.化工园区的发展在吸引外资,优化资源配置的同时,带来了一系列的安全及环境问题.其危险主要表现为火灾爆炸、污染大气及水体等方面,不但对生态环境造成了危害,而且使附近居民的人身安全及财产受到极大的威胁.分析化工园区的危险性是进一步发展健康、和谐的化工园区的前提.     

Ignition temperatures and flame velocities of metallic nanomaterials

The production of materials with dimensions in the nanometre range has continued to increase in recent years. In order to ensure safety when handling these products, the hazard potential of such innovative materials must be known. While several studies have already investigated the effects of explosions (such as maximum explosion pressure and maximum pressure rise) of powders with primary particles in the nanometre range, little is known about the ignition temperatures and flame velocities. Therefore, the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of metallic nano powders (aluminium, iron, copper and zinc) was determined experimentally in a so called Godbert-Greenwald (GG) oven. Furthermore, the flame velocities were determined in a vertical tube. In order to better classify the test results, the tested samples were characterised in detail and the lower explosion limits of the tested dust samples were determined. Values for the burning velocity of aluminium nano powders are higher compared to values of micrometre powders (from literature). While MIT of nanometre aluminium powders is within the range of micrometre samples, MIT of zinc and copper nano powders is lower than values reported in literature for respective micrometre samples.     

Dynamic Inherently Safer Modifications: Metric development and its validation for fire and explosion prevention

Of the numerous inherent safety assessment tools, a dynamic metric capable of investigating and incorporating the temporal risk evolution when conducting Inherently Safer Modifications (ISMs) is yet to be established. To this end, this work developed a Dynamic Inherent Safety Metric (DISM) and validated its functionality and viability through a case study. Firstly, the Information-Flow-based Accident-causing Model (IFAM) was adapted to construct the topology of Bayesian Networks (BN). Then, Bayesian deductive reasoning was executed to do crucial risk identification by ranking posterior probabilities. Finally, risk-based ISMs were performed to address the relatively contributing risk factors. The case study results show that the fire and explosion risk decreased by approximately a third after implementing ISMs, thus demonstrating that the modified processing scenario could be inherently safer than the original processing scenario. The newly developed inherent safety metric (i.e., DISM) can assist in temporal risk identification and assessment, and it is expected to function as a novel assessment tool for measuring and comparing the inherent safeness before and after implementing ISMs with simultaneous considerations on the time-varying risk factors.     

回采工作面瓦斯爆炸风门冲击载荷研究*

为研究瓦斯爆炸后瓦斯积聚体积对风门冲击载荷的影响，结合羊场湾矿井Ⅱ020612回采工作面风门实际情况，运用Fluent软件对上隅角瓦斯积聚体积为5，35，65，95，125，155，185 m3条件下的风门冲击载荷进行研究。结果表明:风门冲击载荷随时间变化出现2次峰值，第1次峰值为风门冲击载荷最大值；若风门间距离较近，则风门间的互相影响使冲击载荷形成第3次峰值。风门爆炸冲击载荷最大值与瓦斯积聚体呈现幂函数增加关系；风门达到冲击载荷最大值的时间随着瓦斯积聚体积增加呈现幂函数减小关系。研究结果可为瓦斯爆炸对风门的影响研究提供依据。     

封闭管道油气爆炸超压及火焰传播特性

对油气在封闭管道内的爆炸特性进行研究，发现爆炸超压发展过程可以分为3个阶段:第1次超压上升阶段、第2次超压上升阶段和超压下降阶段。初始油气浓度对爆炸初始阶段的发展有很大影响，油气浓度为1.73%时发展最激烈；当初始油气浓度较高时，在最大超压峰值附近，会产生压力振荡现象；初始油气浓度对Tulip火焰的形成及发展有较大影响，各种浓度油气的爆炸，都有形成Tulip火焰的趋势；当油气浓度适中时，Tulip火焰会一直传播到管道末端，当油气浓度较高或较低时，火焰锋面会经由鲨鱼嘴形状火焰转变为刀尖形火焰，当初始油气浓度为1.73%时，最容易发展形成Tuilp火焰。