氯丙烯直接环氧化工艺反应物料危险性研究

为了保证利用双氧水氧化氯丙烯直接环氧化制备环氧氯丙烷新工艺的安全开发,针对此工艺涉及的混合危险物料,利用C80量热仪对混合物料热稳定性进行了测试,获得了混合物料热扫描曲线;利用AKTS软件处理得到了混合物料热特性参数和分解动力学数据,在此基础上结合HYSIS软件进行了预防气相燃爆方面的安全分析。结果表明:混合物料初始pH值为8左右,其pH值随放置时间延长而降低;混合物料TD24值为21.3℃,混合物料发生失控的可能性等级为高;混合物料中双氧水分解受温度影响较大,在30℃和60℃下,混合物料分别经过1.3 h和0.8 h就会分解释放出达到氧含量报警值的氧气。     

基于人因可靠性的间歇装置SIL分析与改进

IEC 61508和IEC 61511等标准针对连续工艺装置提出了安全仪表系统安全完整性等级评估方法。但对于间歇装置的SIL评估,受人因因素影响水平并未明确,且没有提出相应计算模型。以某六氟磷酸锂间歇生产装置典型SIS为例,采用HAZOP结合LOPA方法对其进行风险分析,在明确间歇生产装置存在人员中毒、窒息及燃烧爆炸风险的基础上,确定并验证其安全仪表系统的SIL,再依据间歇生产装置人工依赖性高,即部分安全仪表系统未接入自动联锁且需人工手动触发的特点,建立人因可靠性模型,来分析人因可靠性对安全仪表系统SIL的影响,并进行改进研究。研究结果表明:人因因素对安全仪表系统SIL有显著影响;可通过改变SIS元件冗余结构、测试策略并结合改进人因管理措施来提高SIL。     

填埋气体爆炸危险性评价方法研究

提出了一种评价建筑物内发生填埋气体爆炸事故概率的理论与试验方法。     

稠油采出水回用热采锅炉供水的处理工艺设计

运用混凝沉降、溶气浮选、粗精过滤和弱酸软化方法对稠油采出水进行深度处理。可达到热采锅炉用水指标 ,回用热采锅炉供水 ;生产装置产生的污水、污油、污泥均回收利用。笔者总结了流程选择、工艺配置、新工艺的采用、工艺及自控设计特点 ,为今后污水处理设计提供借鉴。     

High consumption of pesticides in agricultural fields leads to prevalence of cancer cases in rural pockets of eastern India: A case study

This study was performed to evaluate the carcinogenic health risk of pesticides used in agricultural field in rural pockets of eastern India. The analysis of pesticide residue in rice grain sample was performed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was observed that for pesticide DDT, the HR values was ranging between 0.5 to 3.2 and for lindane HR was 0.4 to 1.1, respectively. The DDT and Lindane exhibited HR values >1 in some sampling sites which revealed the carcinogenic effects and HR <1 in some sampling sites which revealed non carcinogenic effects of same pesticide. These results revealed a clear indication of potential carcinogenic health risk to human health through consumption of contaminated rice in some areas of Bargarh district. DDT has a long half-life, so it persists in the environment for a longer period of time and induces carcinogenic risk to human health predominantly than other pesticide lindane. A case study on cancer prevalence in Bargarh district was also carried out to support the findings of quantitative analysis. The primary data collected from the cancer affected area by personal questionnaires method to the person concern and the secondary data collected from the Bargarh District Head Quarters Hospital's register. The cancer death reported by the from the year 2015 to 2021 was 320, 380, 293, 323, 278, 409, 346 in the year of 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 respectively, with the total number of 2349 cases. From the questionnaire data, it was observed that the occurrence of male and female cancer cases was 51.75% and 48.25%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in gender wise cancer prevalence. The most affected age group was 51–60, that is, 26.92% followed by 41–50, that is, 23.42%. Therefore, it was concluded that the middle-aged adults (40–60) were more vulnerable to the cancer than young adults (3–40) and old adults (60–100). The most prevalent cancer was breast (22.72%) followed by stomach (14.33%).     

Foundations of indigenous knowledge on disasters due to natural hazards: lessons from the outlook on floods among the Bayira of the Rwenzori region

The role of indigenous knowledge in increasing context specificity and exposing blind spots in scientific understanding is widely evidenced in disaster studies. This paper aims to structure the processes that shape indigenous knowledge production and its optimisation using the case of floods. An inductive analytical approach is applied among riparian indigenous communities (focus on the Bayira) of the Rwenzori region of Uganda where plenty of indigenous flood practices have been recorded. Indigenous knowledge of floods is found to be based on intimate comprehension of local hydrometeorological regularities. Insofar as these regularities follow natural dynamics, indigenous socio-epistemic processes are noted to be consistent with the laws of nature. Coupled with regular open sociocultural deliberations, the conceptualisation of hydrometeorological regularities induces an indigenous ontology and empiricist epistemology. This, together with the techniques used, is the driver of crucial epistemic virtues which enable indigenous knowledge to provide disaster solutions that are adapted, pragmatic, and holistic.     

盐酸、硫酸泄漏危害分析与控制

分析了盐酸、硫酸贮罐破裂发生泄漏事故的危害,对泄漏事故采用事故数学模型作了系统的计算分析,得出了泄漏危害的范围,并提出了防范和控制泄漏事故的安全措施.     

引信炸药装配生产爆炸波事故后果模拟分析

对引信炸药装配药过程的危险性作了简要分析,对其危险程度进行了爆炸波事故后果模拟分析.     

班组作业活动危险源的辨识及风险控制方法

介绍了班组开展危险源辨识及风险控制的重要作用,描述了企业班组实施作业活动危险源辨识的步骤和方法,以及作业条件危险性评价法和风险控制的方法.     

地震的生态破坏及其恢复重建研究进展

本文从地震对生态系统的主要影响、地震破坏的生态系统恢复重建的政策及技术措施等方面,系统分析了目前国内外在地震灾害对生态系统危害方面的研究进展,以及治理中采取的政策和技术措施。在此基础上,提出了震后生态恢复重建的策略和建议,以及今后对震后生态系统快速重建和生态系统服务功能恢复中需要加强的基础研究工作。