长余辉发光材料的安全生产

对长余辉发光材料大规模产业化生产过程中的安全问题进行了论述,主要包括原材料的安全性、生产过程中的设备安全及其过程安全、制品的安全性能等。这对发光材料大规模产业化生产有着极其重要的现实意义．既保护了职员的生命财产,减少了重大事故的发生,降低了经济损失．同时又提高了该产业的国际化竞争力。     

无氧卸装催化剂危害因素分析及安全预防措施

为防止重油加氢装置无氧卸装催化剂时事故的发生,针对主要施工作业环节进行了危害因素分析,并提出了安全预防措施.     

小型化工企业防火安全现状分析及对策

针对温州市2004年严峻的火灾形势,通过对生产和使用危险化学品的小型化工企业现状分析,提出相应的防火安全对策。     

危险化学品在运输过程中的危险分析及控制

分析了危险化学品在运输中发生火灾爆炸的致灾因子及其危害的特点,并采用定量计算的方法给出危害的直观描述,进而提出危险化学品在运输过程中的控制措施.     

氮化油管工艺危害识别及液氨槽事故树分析

对氮化油管工艺和设备存在的问题进行了危险分析,用事故树分析了液氨槽的爆炸危险性,并提出安全对策。     

Submerged arc plasma system combined with ozone oxidation for the treatment of wastewater containing non-degradable organic compounds

• Submerged arc plasma was introduced in terms of wastewater treatment. • Ozone oxidation was coupled with submerged arc plasma system. • Ozone was converted into O and O₂ by submerged arc plasma. • Decomposition rate was accelerated by submerged arc plasma. • Introduction of ozone led to significant increase in mineralization. Submerged arc plasma technology was assessed for the removal of phenols from wastewater. The OH radicals generated from the boundary between the plasma and waste solution were considered as a significant factor on the degradation reaction. In this study, the effects of highly energetic electrons released from the submerged arc plasma were mainly studied. The highly energetic electrons directly broke the strong chemical bond and locally increased the reaction temperatures in solution. The effects of the submerged-arc plasma on the decomposition of phenol are discussed in terms of the input energy and initial concentration. The single use of submerged arc plasma easily decomposed the phenol but did not increase the mineralization efficiency. Therefore, the submerged arc plasma, coupled with the ozone injection, was investigated. The submerged arc plasma combined with ozone injection had a synergic effect, which led to significant improvements in mineralization with only a small increase in input energy. The decomposition mechanism of phenol by the submerged arc plasma with the ozone was analyzed.     

Spatial and temporal analysis of natural hazard mortality in Nepal

The impacts of natural hazards are typically measured in terms of loss of human lives and economic damage, and recent studies demonstrate that deaths attributed to natural hazards have increased. Using the publicly available DesInventar database, we examined spatial and temporal patterns of natural hazard mortality from 1971 to 2011 at the district and village levels of Nepal and identified natural hazards that contributed most to mortality. Spatial clusters of mortality at the district and village levels were detected using local and global spatial autocorrelation measures (Moran's I). Landslides (41.91%) and floods (32.52%) accounted for approximately three quarters of natural hazard mortalities over the study period. A Global Moran's I test positively confirmed clustering at both the district (0.199, p?p?相似文献   

Environmental hazards and waste management in Nsukka urban metropolis in Enugu State of Nigeria: how much are people willing to pay?

Solid waste management in Nsukka town in Enugu state of Nigeria has remained a major challenge despite the efforts of the state government through the Enugu State Waste Management Agency (ESWAMA). The current method whereby households dump refuse at designated locations by the road side to be cleared later has not yielded much improved sanitation of the town. In this study we propose an alternative waste management method that is believed to be superior to the status quo if properly managed. This study applies Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate the households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for this new method in order to ascertain its applicability in Nsukka urban. Data were collected from a sample of 500 households stratified according to major streets in the town. The results show that the mean WTP using different specifications of the model varies from N527.50 (about 2.68) to N530.90 (about 2.68) per month. The policy implication is that if the waste management agency adopts the proposed scenario and manages it well the average revenue realizable per month would be about N13,750,516 (about $69,800). The authorities can compare this with the cost of providing the service and see if it is worth the effort.     

基于多类支持向量机的化学物质生态危害分类研究

应用多类支持向量机(M-SVMs)方法研究了化学物质生态危害程度的分类,以提高分类的准确性和效率.对采集到的61种环境优先污染物的环境行为和生物毒性方面的7项指标进行相关性分析,建立了M-SVMs分类模型并对数据集进行10折交叉验证以评价模型的分类能力,运用所建模型对7种化学物质的生态危害进行预测.结果表明,去除与鱼毒有信息重叠的溞毒指标,选取鱼毒、藻毒、降解性、蓄积性、分配系数和吸附系数6项指标用于构建M-SVMs分类模型;M-SVMs模型识别率较高,交叉验证平均分类正确率达86.89％;对7种化学物质生态危害的预测结果与实际情况基本相符.     

企业职业卫生综合风险管理评估体系的研究与应用

为了能够全面、客观地评估企业职业卫生风险管理质量,利用美国EPA吸入风险评估模型、新加坡化学物职业暴露半定量风险评估模型以及风险指数评估模型,对作业场所存在的职业病危害因素进行风险水平评估,并结合企业职业卫生管理评估模型,对企业职业卫生管理水平进行定量评估,以风险等级和管理水平,综合判断企业职业卫生风险水平。将该体系应用于实例分析,结果表明:体系在充分考虑企业职业病危害因素时空分布以及企业管理现状的基础上,能够定量评估职业病危害因素的急慢性影响以及企业职业卫生管理水平。