Quantifying inconsistencies in old cadastral maps and their impact on land-use reconstructions

ABSTRACT

Old cadastral maps represent a historical reference dataset for long-term land-use reconstructions. This study presents identification of inconsistencies in the nineteenth century Franziscean cadastre, one of the largest sets of old cadastral maps worldwide, by comparing three versions of the maps and written documents created in the same period. We identified all parcels and their land-use in the four sub-sources in six study areas. The overall share of inconsistencies among 5 771 identified parcels is 7.4%, with the biggest share of inconsistency in agroforestry and forestry classes. The most frequent inconsistencies are of ‘Not differentiable land use’ (n = 212) and ‘Different land-use’ categories across the sub-sources (n = 113). We conclude that the frequency of uncertainties in old cadastral maps may limit the validity of historical land-use reconstructions, affecting the eventual restoration and management efforts based on such data. We provide a summary for the use of Franziscean cadastre.     

中国企业低碳环境与低碳管理再造

2012年底京都议定书第一承诺期到期后,各国将制定更具有操作性的碳减排目标,世界低碳发展的要求越来越强烈,低碳发展的路径逐步从宏观治理向宏观与微观结合过渡。目前我国低碳经济的发展主要处在政府推动为主、大企业探索性行动的阶段,今后企业将逐渐在低碳发展中发挥主力作用。企业面临的低碳环境主要包括宏观低碳发展环境、行业低碳竞争环境、微观低碳管理环境三个层面。企业管理需要根据低碳发展的要求重新更新再造。从企业内部来看,企业基本活动的低碳管理再造包括内部后勤、生产运营、外部后勤、市场和销售、售后服务等的低碳管理再造。而辅助方面的低碳管理再造主要包括采购低碳管理、技术开发低碳管理、人力资源低碳管理和企业基础设施低碳管理等。从企业外部资源管理角度来说,企业的低碳管理主要包括供应商的低碳协同管理和其他合作伙伴的低碳协同管理。本文根据我国企业的低碳环境和低碳再造的内容,提出了企业低碳管理再造的相关策略。     

上海霾气候数据序列重建及其时空特征

利用上海11个气象站点1960～2008年日均相对湿度、能见度以及天气现象资料,重建了上海近50a霾气候数据序列,并从时间和空间两个方面分析了上海霾日数的气候特征和变化规律。结果表明,上海霾气候数据序列重建值与报表记录值之间变化形态存在着较好的一致性,重建值较记录值偏高。1960～2008年,上海霾日数以9.7d/10a的线性趋势显著增加,2002年以后霾日数总体上呈减少趋势。上海多年平均霾日数以冬季最多而夏季最少。近50a,上海霾日数呈现出西南部最多-市区较多-东北和东南部最少的空间分布,霾日数的空间变化趋势则表现为西南部增加较多而东部增加较少。1981～2008年,上海霾日数在西部和南部都增加,东部则减少。     

Workaholism and daily recovery: A day reconstruction study of leisure activities

This study among 85 individuals used a day reconstruction approach to examine whether workaholism moderates the relationship between daily activities during non‐work time and daily well‐being in the evening (evening happiness, momentary vigor before bedtime, and momentary recovery before bedtime). Specifically, it was hypothesized that daily work‐related activities during the evening have a stronger negative relationship with daily well‐being for employees high (versus low) in workaholism and that daily physical and social activities have a stronger positive relationship with well‐being for employees high (versus low) in workaholism. The results of multilevel analyses largely supported the hypotheses for daily physical and work‐related activities but not for social activities during non‐work time. These findings imply that organizations should not encourage their employees and particularly those who score high on workaholism to work during non‐work time and instead promote physical exercise. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震灾后重建中的多元化资金支持研究

本文以汶川地震为背景,针对灾后重建资金需求量大、持续时间长的特点,提出灾后重建资金来源应以财政资金为引导,走多元化的道路;并分别从财政资金支持、信贷资金支持、社会资金支持、国外资金支持、保险资金支持、证券市场资金支持的角度进行分析,提出了在财政资金引导下,切实可行的多元化资金支持建议.     

Using Paleo Reconstructions to Improve Streamflow Forecast Lead Time in the Western United States

In water stressed regions, water managers are exploring new horizons that would help in long‐range streamflow forecasts. Oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations have been shown to influence streamflow variability. In this study, long‐lead time streamflow forecasts are made using a multiclass kernel‐based data‐driven support vector machine (SVM) model. The extended streamflow records based on tree ring reconstructions were used to provide a longer time series data. Reconstructed data were used from 1658 to 1952 and the instrumental record was used from 1953 to 2007. Reconstructions for oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations included the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation. Streamflow forecasts using all four oscillations were made with one‐year to five‐year lead times for 21 gages in the western United States. This is the first study that uses both instrumental and reconstructed data of oscillations in SVM model to improve streamflow forecast lead time. SVM model was able to provide “satisfactory” to “very good” forecasts with one‐ to five‐year lead time for the selected gages. The use of all the oscillation indices helped in achieving better predictability compared to using individual oscillations. The SVM modeling results are better when compared with multiple linear regression model forecasts. The findings are statistical in nature and are expected to be useful for long‐term water resources planning and management.     

Experience,but not distance,influences the recruitment precision in the stingless bee <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scaptotrigona mexicana</Emphasis>

Recruitment precision, i.e. the proportion of recruits that reach an advertised food source, is a crucial adaptation of social bees to their environment. Studies with honeybees showed that recruitment precision is not a fixed feature, but it may be enhanced by factors like experience and distance. However, little is known regarding the recruitment precision of stingless bees. Hence, in this study, we examined the effects of experience and spatial distance on the precision of the food communication system of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana. We conducted the experiments by training bees to a three-dimensional artificial patch at several distances from the colony. We recorded the choices of individual recruited foragers, either being newcomers (foragers without experience with the advertised food source) or experienced (foragers that had previously visited the feeder). We found that the average precision of newcomers (95.6 ± 2.61%) was significantly higher than that of experienced bees (80.2 ± 1.12%). While this might seem counter-intuitive on first sight, this “loss” of precision can be explained by the tendency of experienced recruits to explore nearby areas to find new rewarding food sources after they had initially learned the exact location of the food source. Increasing the distance from the colony had no significant effect on the precision of the foraging bees. Thus, our data show that experience, but not the distance of the food source, affected the patch precision of S. mexicana foragers.     

北宋后期黄河上游地区耕地格局重建——以河湟谷地为例

黄河上游的河湟谷地是人类活动历史悠久的地区之一,是黄河沿线耕地开垦的最西端,聚落和耕地重建对黄河流域人类活动和全球变化研究具有重要的现实意义。通过梳理大量历史文献资料,建立了北宋后期（1117年）河湟谷地聚落和耕地数据库,以聚落空间分布为基础,运用网格化模型,重建了北宋后期河湟谷地耕地格局。结果表明：（1）北宋后期河湟谷地聚落集中分布在黄河、湟水河干流沿岸海拔相对较低、坡度较缓的河流冲积和洪积平原。（2）河湟谷地的耕地总面积为304.67 km²,分配有耕地的网格仅占全区的16.16%,垦殖率最高的网格仅为24.16%,其中,湟水河谷耕地分布网格约占全部的74.06%,黄河干流约占25.94%,说明北宋后期耕地开垦主要集中在湟水河流域。（3）从聚落分布的海拔高度来看,大部分耕地网格分布在海拔2600 m以下的川水地区,说明当时耕地分布范围不大,海拔高度极大地限制了耕地的分布,耕地主要分布在灌溉条件相对优越的地区。（4）基于聚落重建耕地空间格局,其结果符合耕地随聚落分布的事实,更具有可靠性。     

昌吉硫磺沟矿区地表沉陷区的土地整治与生态恢复

针对昌吉市硫磺沟矿区煤矿开采引起的地表沉陷及其对矿区地表及环境破坏的影响,以减轻地表沉陷危害程度、恢复矿区所在地的生态功能为目标,按照采矿区塌陷类型、塌陷坑大小及塌陷区地理环境,采用不同的土地整治与生态恢复措施,在防治和控制矿区地表沉陷引起的生态破坏及生态环境保护方面取得很好的成果与经验.     

基于重构相空间充填体变形规律的灰色预测研究

尾砂胶结充填体是非线性力学介质,其变形是能量耗散的复杂过程,必须研究其内在变形规律,才能正确预测采矿过程中充填体的稳定性.对不同配比的尾砂胶结充填体进行力学试验,得出了其应力-应变规律,对安庆铜矿高阶段充填体变形进行了监测.采用自适应滤波原理,研究基于重构相空间的测量数据去噪处理方法.用灰色理论研究充填体变形在相空间中相点距离的演变规律,建立了重构相空间的灰色预测模型.为减小预测误差,对预测结果采用残差模型修正.应用建立的模型,对安庆铜矿高阶段充填体变形进行分析,确定了采场合理回采周期.结果表明,充填体变形具有非线性混沌特性,不同配比的充填体表现出不同的非线性动力学行为,重构相空间能充分展示充填体变形的内在规律.