基于仿真的交通事故机动车驾驶人识别方法

为正确识别交通事故中的机动车驾驶人,借助仿真软件,提出一种基于仿真的机动车驾驶人识别方法.先根据事故现场痕迹,借助Pc-Crash软件仿真车辆的运动轨迹;再根据Pc-Crash仿真所得速度、位置等信息,借助Madymo软件仿真乘员的运动;然后通过分析车辆运动轨迹、人体损伤和人体最终停止位置等仿真结果确定驾驶人.最后用该方法识别了一例2车侧面碰撞事故中的驾驶人,所得结果与警方调查结果一致.借助仿真方法并充分利用事故现场痕迹,能够识别机动车驾驶人.     

后重建时代汶川大地震极重灾区旅游发展策略探析

2008年汶川大地震给四川省旅游业发展在短期内造成了极大困难,但也给当地遗留了大量的地震遗存,拥有重要的科学考查、科普教育和纪念价值。后重建时代极重灾区面临的旅游发展问题大同小异,虽然开发了许多新项目,但问题并没有从根本上解决。从当地自然环境禀赋各异、少数民族文化开发程度低、旅游商品外来化严重、旅游安全等方面分析了面临的各种问题,提出了具有针对性的对策和建议。     

某铁路站区供热系统节能技术改造效果评估

针对某车站供暖成本升高和污染物排放等问题,从热源改造和建筑维护结构改造2个方面提出节能技术改造方案,通过对机组运行情况和围护结构改造情况的现场测试,得到节能技术改造效果良好的结论,并从节能效益、经济效益和环保效益3个方面对站区节能技术改造方案效果进行分析.     

过硫酸铵含铜废液预处理工艺改造

采用离子交换工艺对过硫酸铵含铜废液预处理原有工艺进行改造,改造后降低了废液预处理成本,减少二次污染,提高铜资源的回收率,达到综合利用的目的,具有很高的环境效益及经济效益。     

工业事故演变混沌特性研究

混沌与随机是本质上不同的两种特性.区分产生工业事故演变系统的混沌性和随机性是进行工业事故模拟和预测的基础.本文通过对工业事故演变特性进行分析,初步结果表明,工业事故演变具有混沌动力系统的一些特征,提出通过相空间重构及Lyapunov指数来判定工业事故演变的混沌特性.     

城市废弃工矿区土地再利用研究

加快城市废弃工矿区土地再利用,已成为发展矿区循环经济、提高城市土地利用效率有效途径之一。在对城市废弃工矿区土地再利用的相关概念界定的基础上．对城市废弃工矿区土地再利用理论和技术进行了综述,并提出存在的问题及建议。     

混沌理论在河流溶解氧预测中的应用初探

基于混沌理论、相空间重构思想和嵌入理论分析涟水流域溶解氧的时间序列,计算吸引子维数和最大的Lyapunov指数,研究河流水质系统的复杂性特征.结果表明,河流溶解氧时间序列具有混沌特性,其外在表现为貌似随机的无规则特点;但系统本身内在的、固有的规律(表现在最大的Lyapunov指数),表明短期预测河流水质变化是可行的,并应用混沌相空间模线性回归模型进行了预测,其预测结果对涟水流域的水质管理和控制具有一定的参考价值.     

某工业园集中式印染污水处理厂工艺改造工程

通过对顺德区某工业园集中式工业污水处理厂印染废水处理工艺存在的问题进行分析和研究,根据印染行业环保要求和技术政策,对其原有的牛仔服洗水废水处理工艺进行技术改造。改造后采用分类进水方式,原有工艺\"混凝沉淀+生物接触氧化\"处理洗漂废水,\"混凝沉淀+水解酸化+混凝沉淀+生物接触氧化\"新工艺处理工业园区大量退浆、印花及丝光等高浓度高难度印染废水,处理量由原来10 000 m3/d提高到32 000 m3/d,出水各项水质指标达DB 44/26—2001广东省地方标准《水污染物排放限值》第二时段中的一级排放标准,取得了良好的环境、社会和经济效益。     

Computational modeling and analysis of thoracolumbar spine fractures in frontal crash reconstruction

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to reconstruct 11 motor vehicle crashes (6 with thoracolumbar fractures and 5 without thoracolumbar fractures) and analyze the fracture mechanism, fracture predictors, and associated parameters affecting thoracolumbar spine response.

Methods: Eleven frontal crashes were reconstructed with a finite element simplified vehicle model (SVM). The SVM was tuned to each case vehicle and the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) Ver. 4.01 was scaled and positioned in a baseline configuration to mimic the documented precrash driver posture. The event data recorder crash pulse was applied as a boundary condition. For the 6 thoracolumbar fracture cases, 120 simulations to quantify uncertainty and response variation were performed using a Latin hypercube design of experiments (DOE) to vary seat track position, seatback angle, steering column angle, steering column position, and D-ring height. Vertebral loads and bending moments were analyzed, and lumbar spine indices (unadjusted and age-adjusted) were developed to quantify the combined loading effect. Maximum principal strain and stress data were collected in the vertebral cortical and trabecular bone. DOE data were fit to regression models to examine occupant positioning and thoracolumbar response correlations.

Results: Of the 11 cases, both the vertebral compression force and bending moment progressively increased from superior to inferior vertebrae. Two thoracic spine fracture cases had higher average compression force and bending moment across all thoracic vertebral levels, compared to 9 cases without thoracic spine fractures (force: 1,200.6 vs. 640.8 N; moment: 13.7 vs. 9.2?Nm). Though there was no apparent difference in bending moment at the L1–L2 vertebrae, lumbar fracture cases exhibited higher vertebral bending moments in L3–L4 (fracture/nonfracture: 45.7 vs. 33.8?Nm). The unadjusted lumbar spine index correctly predicted thoracolumbar fracture occurrence for 9 of the 11 cases (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?0.6). The age-adjusted lumbar spine index correctly predicted thoracolumbar fracture occurrence for 10 of the 11 cases (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?0.8). The age-adjusted principal stress in the trabecular bone was an excellent indicator of fracture occurrence (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?1.0). A rearward seat track position and reclined seatback increased the thoracic spine bending moment by 111–329%. A more reclined seatback increased the lumbar force and bending moment by 16–165% and 67–172%, respectively.

Conclusions: This study provided a computational framework for assessing thoracolumbar fractures and also quantified the effect of precrash driver posture on thoracolumbar response. Results aid in the evaluation of motor vehicle crash–induced vertebral fractures and the understanding of factors contributing to fracture risk.