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91.
为研究民居内可燃气体爆炸规律及特点,预防燃气泄漏爆炸案/事件发生,提高案/事件现场勘验与侦破效率,综述受限空间内燃气爆炸的形成机理和传播特性、现场结构和障碍物对爆炸的影响规律以及爆炸后现场勘验和重建技术方法,阐述数值仿真技术在气体爆炸案件现场勘验和重建中发挥的作用。研究结果表明:民居内燃气爆炸现场特征明显异于传统爆炸类案件现场,尤其是炸点特征存在差异;数值仿真可有效揭示燃气泄漏爆炸的形成、传播和作用机理;目前,燃气爆炸实验研究方法和体系需进一步统一,以提高研究结论普适性。研究结果可为民居内燃气爆炸现场勘验和重建提供技术支持。 相似文献
92.
采用华丰矿1409工作面电磁辐射观测数据,应用相空间重构法计算了5次矿震前后系统混沌吸引子的关联维数D2。研究结果表明:电磁辐射时间序列具有混沌特征,混沌系统的自由度在2~26之间。矿震发生前,混沌吸引子的关联维数D2先升后降,矿震过程中系统有降维现象。研究结果对认识矿震过程中煤岩体产生的电磁辐射信号的非线性特征和进行矿震预报具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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赵学友 《铁路节能环保与安全卫生》2021,(1):32-35
针对某车站供暖成本升高和污染物排放等问题,从热源改造和建筑维护结构改造2个方面提出节能技术改造方案,通过对机组运行情况和围护结构改造情况的现场测试,得到节能技术改造效果良好的结论,并从节能效益、经济效益和环保效益3个方面对站区节能技术改造方案效果进行分析. 相似文献
95.
基于国内外灾害经济研究与管理实践的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中外学者从不同视域对灾害经济与管理问题进行了研究,形成了一些有代表性的观点。各国政府在防灾减灾、灾后重建等方面也积累了大量的经验。这些观点和经验为我们深入研究灾害管理机制奠定了基础,结合汶川8.0级地震导致的惨重损失及灾后重建出现的问题,阐述了构建我国以人为本的灾害管理机制和可持续重建地震灾区的基本对策。 相似文献
96.
K. Omasa F. Hosoi T. M. Uenishi Y. Shimizu Y. Akiyama 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(4):473-481
In this study, we confirmed the utility of airborne and portable on-ground scanning light detection and ranging (LIDARs) for
three-dimensional visualization of an urban park and quantification of biophysical variables of trees in the park. The digital
canopy height model (DCHM) and digital terrain model generated from airborne scanning LIDAR data provided precise images of
the ground surface and individual tree canopies. The heights of 166 coniferous and broadleaf trees of 11 species in the park
were estimated from the DCHM images with slight underestimation (mean error = −0.14 m, RMSE = 0.30 m). Portable on-ground
scanning LIDAR provided images of individual trees with detailed features. Tree height and trunk diameter were estimated to
be within 0.31 m and 1 cm, respectively, from the on-ground LIDAR images. We combined airborne and on-ground LIDAR images
to overcome blind regions and created a complete three-dimensional model of three standing trees. The model allowed not only
visual assessment from all viewpoints but also quantitative estimation of canopy volume, trunk volume, and canopy cross-sectional
area. 相似文献
97.
Investigation of head injuries by reconstructions of real-world vehicle-versus-adult-pedestrian accidents 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A sizeable proportion of adult pedestrians involved in vehicle-versus-pedestrian accidents suffer head injuries, some of which can lead to lifelong disability or even death. To understand head injury mechanisms, in-depth accident analyses and accident reconstructions were conducted. A total of 120 adult pedestrian accident cases from the GIDAS (German in-depth accident study) database were analyzed, from which 10 were selected for reconstruction. Accident reconstructions initially were performed using multi-body system (MBS) pedestrian and car models, so as to calculate head impact conditions, like head impact velocity, head position and head orientation. These impact conditions then were used to set the initial conditions in a simulation of a head striking a windshield, using finite element (FE) head and windshield models. The intracranial pressure and stress distributions of the FE head model were calculated and correlated with injury outcomes. Accident analysis revealed that the windshield and its surrounding frames were the main sources of head injury for adult pedestrians. Reconstruction results indicated that coup/contrecoup pressure, Von Mises and shear stress were important physical parameters to estimate brain injury risks. 相似文献
98.
Mac Nally R 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):1202-1211
Many native bird species in production landscapes of south-eastern Australia demonstrably are declining, with loss of native vegetation as the major cause. Our biodiversity management objectives must be to increase the probabilities of persistence of birds that should occur in the landscape. To do so, there needs to be extensive amounts of new plantings. However, one must be conscious that: (1) new plantings in the impoverished soils and increasing aridity of southern Australia will take many decades to mature, and, also, will offer suitable habitats for a sequence of different species over the course of that maturation process; and (2) much existing vegetation is senescent or will be in a few decades' time. Recent landscape rebuilding models do not explicitly consider maturation time-lags. These hystereses in habitat maturation may create 'bottlenecks' at future times (e.g. in 50yr) that might prevent some species from persisting in whole landscapes even though such landscapes may be much more suitable in 100yr than now. There are several critical issues: (1) species differ in habitat needs and even one species may require different kinds of habitats for foraging and for breeding; (2) landscapes must be conceived, and managed, as spatial and temporal mosaics to allow for persistence of the full set of species that should occupy them, meaning that senescing and replanted habitats may need to be juxtaposed; and (3) in certain particularly problematic landscapes, some highly productive agricultural lands may need to be used for providing habitat because maturation can be fast-tracked in fertile, well-watered locations. The problem is a complex one of scheduling and placement, and its optimization presents major theoretical and analytical challenges. 相似文献
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