Environmental care in agricultural catchments: Toward the communicative catchment

Substantial land degradation of agricultural catchments in Australia has resulted from the importation of European farming methods and the large-scale clearing of land. Rural communities are now being encouraged by government to take responsibility for environmental care. The importance of community involvement is supported by the view that environmental problems are a function of interactions between people and their environment. It is suggested that the commonly held view that community groups cannot care for their resources is due to inappropriate social institutions rather that any inherent disability in people. The communicative catchment is developed as a vision for environmental care into the future. This concept emerges from a critique of resource management through the catchment metaphors of the reduced, mechanical, and the complex, evolving catchment, which reflect the development of systemic and people-centered approaches to environmental care. The communicative catchment is one where both community and resource managers participate collaboratively in environmental care. A methodology based on action research and systemic thinking (systemic action research) is proposed as a way of moving towards the communicative catchment of the future. Action research is a way of taking action in organizations and communities that is participative and informed by theory, while systemic thinking takes into account the interconnections and relationships between social and natural worlds. The proposed vision, methodology, and practical operating principles stem from involvement in an action research project looking at extension strategies for the implementation of total catchment management in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales.     

水污染物排放总量控制与管理系统的研究

探讨了水污染物排放总量控制研究方法．建立了由总量控制指标体系──技术经济政策──技术规范──微机管理系统组咸的水污染物排放总量控制管理系统。     

青岛市大气环境中颗粒物污染及防治对策

本文研究青岛市大气环境中颗粒物的污染状况及其发展趋势,并对污染原因进行了探索与分析.本文为青岛市大气环境中颗粒物污染防治,提供了科学的依据和有效的防治对策.     

长寿区饮用水源地保护对策

在分析长寿区水资源开发利用现状的基础上,按照水功能区划结果和水质目标,计算出龙溪河水源地保护区的污染物控制总量和削减量,并提出龙溪河水源地的保护对策。     

炭素生产中的炭尘排放总量控制与重点点源管理

以建立量化控制指标和重点管理为手段，研究炭尘重点点源排放规律，从强化污染源管理入手实行全过程控制以实现污染物排放总量控制。     

沈阳市环境空气质量功能区划分意义及其分类达标分析

环境空气质量功能区的划分对沈阳市的大气污染物总量控制、沈阳市结构性污染调整及制定环境管理政策和法规都具有重要的指导意义．沈阳市环境空气质量按功能区达标有一定难度，具体来讲，二类区达标难度最大，一类区相对容易，三类区是工业区，基本上就地改造即可达标．     

总量控制与排污权交易

深入剖析了总量控制的含义和特点,分析了我国总量控制与排污权交易的关系,通过对比美国的排污权交易政策,讨论了实施总量控制和排污权交易的步骤和意义。     

浅谈环境影响评价中的总量控制分析

阐述了总量控制分析在环境影响评价中的地位和作用，并着重叙述了在环境影响评价时如何开展总量控制分析，从而使环境影响评价更加具有科学性、针对性和操作性，在环境管理中发挥更大的作用，开展总量控制分析，从而使环境影响评价更加具有科学性、针对性和操作性，在环境管理中发挥更大的作用。     

Maternal serum free α-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in twin pregnancies: Implications for screening for Down's syndrome

Maternal serum free α-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free α-hCG) levels were determined in twin and singleton pregnancies at 15–22 weeks of gestation using a set of stored serum samples relating to 200 twin pregnancies and 600 singleton control pregnancies matched for gestational age and duration of storage. Free α-hCG values are, on average, 1·66 times greater in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies (95 per cent confidence interval 1·56–1·76). If maternal serum free α-hCG is used in screening for Down's syndrome, values in twin pregnancies can be adjusted using this result so that screening can be performed in twin pregnancies as well as in singleton pregnancies.     

制定区域大气环境总量控制方案的技术方法

提出了区域大气环境总量控制方案制定的技术路线和主要技术，即污染物的基础允许排放量，平权允许排放量和优化允许排放量的确定方法，以上海市某加工区ＳＯ２总量控制方案作了实例分析。