基于ANN的土壤重金属分布和污染评价研究

农田土壤重金属污染与备受关注的农产品安全问题有密切联系,因此对其进行研究意义重大。以江苏省南通市为研究区,利用采样点实测数据,借助神经网络模型(ANN)并结合3S技术对问题进行研究,从而对土壤重金属的空间动态分布进行描述,并对各个空间位点重金属的污染状况进行评价。结果表明,神经网络模型能够智能地学习各个样点的空间位置与该点各重金属含量之间的映射关系和预先设计好的分类评价模式,并能够稳健地对各个空间插值点处的重金属含量和各个位点的重金属污染状况进行预测和评价。结论显示,南通市大部分农田土壤重金属污染较轻,但也存在局部地区的严重污染。结论与实际情况相符,表明神经网络模型可以为农田土壤重金属的研究提供一个新的思路和方法。     

基于深度学习的大数据空气污染预报

为了更好地反映环境污染变化趋势,为环境管理决策提供及时、全面的环境质量信息,预防严重污染事件发生,开展城市空气质量预报研究是十分必要的.本文针对环境大数据时代下的城市空气质量预报,提出了一种基于深度学习的新方法.该方法通过模拟人类大脑的神经连接结构,将数据在原空间的特征表示转换到具有语义特征的新特征空间,自动地学习得到层次化的特征表示,从而提高预报性能.得益于这种方式,新方法与传统方法相比,不仅可以利用空气质量监测、气象监测及预报等环境大数据,充分考虑污染物的时空变化、空间分布,得到语义性的污染物变化规律,还可以基于其他空气污染预测方法的结果(如数值预报模式),自动分析其适用范围、优势劣势.因此,新方法通过模拟人脑思考过程实现更充分的大数据集成,一定程度上克服了现有方法的缺陷,应用上更加具有灵活性和可操作性.最后,通过实验证明新方法可以提高空气污染预报性能.     

典型养殖型湖泊中的重金属含量及健康风险特征——以宿鸭湖为例

为评估典型水产养殖型湖泊中的重金属含量水平及其人体健康风险特征,系统采集并测定了宿鸭湖湖水、周边地下水、沉积物及鱼体中的重金属含量.在此基础上计算了不同重金属在不同介质间(湖水-鱼体、湖水-沉积物及沉积物-鱼体)的转移因子,并通过健康风险指数计算定量分析了宿鸭湖水生态系统中重金属对人体的健康影响,以及不同暴露途径的风险贡献率.结果表明:Zn、Ba和Sr在不同介质体内含量均较高,而Sn和Cd的含量均比较低.Cr和Zn在鱼体中的均值含量超过WHO鱼类产品中重金属的含量限值,具有潜在毒性;湖水和地下水中的所有重金属浓度均低于饮用水标准中的相关限值;部分沉积物样品中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量超出环境保护部《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—2008)自然背景值,但低于美国华盛顿州沉积物化学标准(WAC 172-204-320)中的含量限值,已构成轻微污染.不同介质间的转化因子分析表明,鱼体对湖水中的Zn、Sr、Ba、Cu、Cr、Ni、Co、Sn和Cd均存在富集作用;但除Zn以外,鱼体对沉积物中的其他重金属无明显的富集作用;宿鸭湖水生态系统中的重金属Cr对人体的HRI值为1.6,其健康危害效应不可忽视;食用鱼类是导致Cr人体健康危害的主要途径,贡献率高达94%;最后,与非养殖型湖泊相比,宿鸭湖水库中鱼体内Pb和Cr的含量明显偏高,且重金属从湖水到沉积物的转移因子明显偏高,而从湖水到鱼的生物浓缩因子相对较低.     

厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养过程微生物群落结构及多样性

为深入理解厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养过程微生物群落变化特征,采用ASBR反应器进行厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养,考察了不同培养时间微生物群落组成、多样性及物种网络关系.结果表明,通过逐步提高基质浓度,实现了厌氧氨氧化菌富集,NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N去除率分别为97.6%和95.4%,总氮去除率为84.9%.高通量测序发现,整个培养过程优势菌门（相对丰度>5%）为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、装甲菌门（Armatimonadetes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）;富集培养获得的主要厌氧氨氧化菌为Candidatus Brocadia,相对丰度从1.42%增长到24.66%;培养过程,微生物群落优势菌群组成未发生变化,但相对丰度呈现显著差异（P<0.05）.富集培养过程不同时间,微生物群落α多样性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且存在显著差异（P<0.05）;微生物群落β多样性在富集培养过程发生明显空间分异特征,且存在显著差异（R=0.5672,P<0.01）.培养过程不同时间,物种网络密度分别为0.188、0.068、0.059、0.18和0.0735;虽然富集培养过程导致微生物间的关联作用变弱,但浮霉菌门相关类群的物种成为网络中的主要节点.     

Inexpensive substrate sampler for macroinvertebrates

Assessment of aquatic macroinvertebrates is a critical component of many watershed monitoring programs and passive samplers are often used to collect long-term site data, especially in environments where active sampling is not possible. However, standard passive samplers can be expensive and lost in extreme conditions. We developed a sampler using plastic soda bottles (PSB) filled with river rock and compared its effectiveness with standard Hester-Dendy samplers in both lotic and lentic environments. Abundance, taxa richness, and macroinvertebrate composition showed no significant differences between sampler types in either habitat type. PSB samplers, which can be constructed for less than one dollar each, collected the same number of organisms and represented the same diversity as Hester-Dendy devices that cost around $38 each. In studies where funds are limited, PSB samplers appear to be suitable for passive monitoring.     

Military humanitarian and disaster governance networks in Southeast Asia: framework and analysis

Behind humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) efforts are governance networks of actors working together to facilitate, coordinate, and deliver joint aid and response initiatives. Militaries are key stakeholders in these networks because of their unique capabilities, particularly in Southeast Asia. This paper explores the role of military governance networks in shaping HADR affairs. It presents a framework for examining military-to-military relational structures in humanitarian and disaster contexts using network theory and social network analysis. It also assesses the nature of military ties and their influence on two capability areas essential to humanitarian activities in the region: (i) the distribution of military assets and equipment used in HADR; and (ii) the coordination of HADR exercises and training. This paper seeks to provide insights into how governance network features and properties affect the capacity of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) militaries to use available resources efficiently and to achieve shared objectives in regional disaster response.     

基于ICEEMDAN和MC-CNN的矿山声发射信号识别分类方法

为精准识别地下矿山声发射事件,采用基于改进的完全集合经验模态分解模型(ICEEMDAN)和多通道卷积神经网络(MC-CNN)模型对声发射信号进行处理后得到分量图,根据各通道输入分量峭度值赋予不同权重,并利用卷积神经网络对输入数据进行训练,最终采用五折交叉实验方法验证该分类识别方法的可行性及有效性.结果表明:基于ICEE...     

Assessing the current state of ecological connectivity in a large marine protected area system

The establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a critical step in ensuring the continued persistence of marine biodiversity. Although the area protected in MPAs is growing, the movement of individuals (or larvae) among MPAs, termed connectivity, has only recently been included as an objective of many MPAs. As such, assessing connectivity is often neglected or oversimplified in the planning process. For promoting population persistence, it is important to ensure that protected areas in a system are functionally connected through dispersal or adult movement. We devised a multi-species model of larval dispersal for the Australian marine environment to evaluate how much local scale connectivity is protected in MPAs and determine whether the extensive system of MPAs truly functions as a network. We focused on non-migratory species with simplified larval behaviors (i.e., passive larval dispersal) (e.g., no explicit vertical migration) as an illustration. Of all the MPAs analyzed (approximately 2.7 million km²), outside the Great Barrier Reef and Ningaloo Reef, <50% of MPAs (46-80% of total MPA area depending on the species considered) were functionally connected. Our results suggest that Australia's MPA system cannot be referred to as a single network, but rather a collection of numerous smaller networks delineated by natural breaks in the connectivity of reef habitat. Depending on the dispersal capacity of the taxa of interest, there may be between 25 and 47 individual ecological networks distributed across the Australian marine environment. The need to first assess the underlying natural connectivity of a study system prior to implementing new MPAs represents a key research priority for strategically enlarging MPA networks. Our findings highlight the benefits of integrating multi-species connectivity into conservation planning to identify opportunities to better incorporate connectivity into the design of MPA systems and thus to increase their capacity to support long-term, sustainable biodiversity outcomes.     

乡村振兴背景下社区居民旅游创业意愿研究——基于分布式认识理论

在乡村振兴背景下,选择兰州市榆中县浪街村社区为研究对象,依托分布式认知理论,构建了居民旅游创业意愿和影响因素模型。结果发现:(1)个人力因素不是形成创业意愿的决定性因素。(2)在地域力方面,大部分居民参与旅游创业的资源条件有限。(3)在文化力方面,领导和以领导为核心的社会关系网是旅游创业意愿形成和转变的决定性因素,并且能够将这种创业意愿转化为创业行为。在研究基础上,提出对策建议:注意培育旅游创业主体,增强现存社区创业能力,争取外部专家与辅助者的支持,以增强乡村旅游发展的可持续性。