便携式远程医疗的ZIGBEE系统设计与电磁兼容分析

本文对远程医疗的ZIGBEE系统从印制电路板(PCB)的器件布局、布线等方面来进行了电磁兼容性研究和设计,完成的ZIGBEE监护系统能够实时传输性能良好的心电信号和血氧信号。同时该系统可以实现多节点网络的监控,能够通过ZIGBEE mesh网络实现数据的传输。同时该系统还可以通过协调器发送指令使终端设备休眠或唤醒,实现低功耗便携带的目的。该系统传输的数据误码率低,时延短,冲突少,通过本系统的设计,可以较好地通过网络观察人体的部分生理参数实现便携式远程医疗监护的目的。     

四川大学江安校区景观水体水质特征分析

本文以四川大学江安校区景观水体为研究对象,通过近一年,共6次的水质监测采样,研究氨氮、总磷、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数等水质指标的时空分布特征及变化规律并进行单因子评价。分析了水体富营养化和湖中鱼类的死亡原因并讨论了餐厅排污的影响。研究结果表明:总磷、氨氮和溶解氧是主要污染指标,可导致"水华"、死鱼等问题。最后,提出了相应的治理对策与措施建议。     

基于动态贝叶斯网络的民航突发事件情景分析研究

航空运输重大突发事件的应急准备与处置存在问题,应急救援效果不甚理想。建立了基于灾害体、受灾体、孕灾环境以及抗灾体四要素的突发事件情景分析模型,并运用动态贝叶斯网络模型,构建了基于关键时间节点的突发事件情景演化模型。基于上述模型,以某航班降落时起落架故障的典型事件为例进行模型构建与分析,分析结果验证该模型运用于民航突发事件情景分析与评估的合理性和可行性。该模型为提高民航突发事件应急准备与处置能力提供了新的思路与方法。     

基于空间视角的资源流动内涵与构成要素的再思考

资源流动研究已成为资源科学领域新的研究视角和学科成长点,但对资源流动的理论提升、方法总结和范式探讨依然相对较少。论文从地理学的空间视角,对资源流动的内涵及构成要素进行分析。论文给出资源流动的定义,并指出,节点具有业务职能功能、效用功能及社会经济功能,空间位置和流量是节点两个突出的空间特征,不同的节点必然会形成不同的等级,未来应加强对节点功能的量化分析以及完善和发展节点分布特征及等级划分的研究方法;通道和网络具备从属和引导功能,衡量其发育程度主要根据网络的结构特征与网络节点特征,未来应探讨伴随新的交通方式而出现的新功能,系统地对通道网络进行优化分析,构建集多种运输方式为一体的多方式的资源流动通道网络优化模型,针对资源流动流量、强度以及成本等因素进行优化研究;域面是节点、通道网络的载体,根据资源流动节点吸引和辐射的范围,可以将域面划分为不同的等级,加强国际市场因素对我国资源流动域面影响的研究。同时指出,进一步从理论上探讨节点、通道、流动网络及流场的类型,在流动中所起的作用以及彼此之间的作用机制等,将是对资源流动构成要素研究的重要突破。     

桥式起重机安全评估指标体系研究和系统设计

在对桥式起重机的设计、结构组成和常见事故故障资料进行调查研究的基础上,分析了桥式起重机在工程应用中遇到的不安全因素,建立了较完善的安全评估指标体系。设计了一种基于模糊神经网络的桥式起重机安全评估系统并对系统的软件功能设计进行了初步探讨。建立了模糊神经网络评估数学模型,利用MATLAB工具对模型进行了仿真验证,结果表明此模型是可行的。通过研究,为进一步针对桥式起重机展开定性、定量评估及安全管理与决策提供了有益参考     

Chemical Behaviour of Calcium in Stabilized Oil Ash Reef Blocks After Five Years in the Ocean

Abstract

Reef blocks made from stabilized oil ash were taken from the sea after five years in the ocean to examine the chemical behaviour of calcium. Experiments included (1) determination of the calcium leaching rate and a comparison with the rate for unexposed blocks to test the validity of a diffusion model for predicting long term (5 years) leaching rates, (2) determination of the effect of biological cover (shell) on the leaching rate, (3) determination of the leaching rate of the core of exposed reef blocks, (4) determination of the calcium content in ‘ring areas’ - regions of discoloration observed in sectioned exposed reef blocks, and (5) determination of the leachable fraction of the total calcium in exposed reef blocks. Results showed the presence of a pronounced calcium discontinuity zone located 3–7 cm from the outside surface of the reef blocks. Cumulated calcium release rates ranged from 2.81–3.14 μmol cm^?2 day^?1 for original unexposed reef blocks and the core of exposed (in the ocean for five years) blocks, respectively, to 0.47–0.50 μmol cm^?2 day^?1 for outside (facing sea water) surfaces of exposed reef blocks. Tank leaching studies also showed that the presence or absence of hard biological cover (shells) had little or no effect on the calcium release rate. the diffusion model normally used in modelling the chemical behaviour of calcium cannot be used to predict the long term (five years) leaching of calcium. the core of the exposed blocks released calcium at a rate similar to new, unexposed reef block material. Overall, it appears that the calcium discontinuity zone is probably responsible for restricting the release of calcium and hence the failure of the diffusion model.     

我国鸟类监测的现状、问题与对策

鸟类是开展生物多样性监测的重要指示类群.对鸟类的长期、系统监测工作在欧美已经有百余年历史,且野鸟多样性指数已经成为欧美一些国家开展生物多样性监测工作的官方指标.通过对国内鸟类监测现状的分析,结合监测对象、指标、抽样策略和监测方法等监测工作中应重点关注的几个方面,提出了我国鸟类监测存在的问题,并结合国情提出了下一步开展鸟类监测工作的对策与建议.建议我国有关部门尽快制定鸟类监测技术规程和标准,统一数据收集和分析平台,逐步构建政府引导,科研院所、高等院校、自然保护区、观鸟协会和志愿者等多方参与的鸟类监测网络.     

Effects of climate and exurban development on nest predation and predator presence in the southern Appalachian Mountains (USA)

In the eastern United States, land-use and climate change have likely contributed to declines in the abundance of Neotropical migrant birds that occupy forest interiors, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We conducted a nest-predation experiment in southern Appalachian Mountain forests (North Carolina, U.S.A.) during the 2009 and 2010 breeding seasons to determine the effects of exurban development and temperature on predator presence and the average number of days until eggs in an artificial nest were disturbed by predators. We baited artificial nests with quail (Excalfactoria chinensi) eggs and monitored them for 18 days. We used clay eggs, track plates, and motion-triggered cameras to detect and identify nest predators. The average number of days a nest was undisturbed decreased as mean temperature increased and, to a lesser extent, as the density of buildings increased. Nests on the ground were more often depredated than those in trees, likely due to increased predation by opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and other carnivores. Raccoons (Procyon lotor), opossums, corvids (Corvus brachyrhynchos and Cyanocitta cristata), chipmunks (Tamias striatus), black bears (Ursus americanus), and domestic cats (Felis catus) were the most commonly detected predators. Presence of these predators did not vary as a function of mean temperature. Domestic cats and corvids were detected more frequently in plots with high rather than low densities of buildings. Forest-interior specialists and Neotropical migrants often nest in cool, high-elevation areas with low housing density. These bird species, especially those that nest on the ground, may be most vulnerable to increased nest predation if temperature and exurban development increase at higher elevations as anticipated.     

镇江市老城区生活污水水质特征及排放规律研究

镇江市老城区排水系统落后,主要以合流管网为主,区域内居民生活污水已成为镇江市水环境污染的重要来源之一,对该区域内居民生活污水水质特征和污染排放规律进行研究,不但有助于正确认识、科学把握城市面源污染特征,还有利于污染控制对策的制定和治理工程的开展。选择镇江市老城区典型合流制管网系统——黎明河溢流口,采用定点动态采样的方法,进行该区域生活污水水质特征和污染排放规律研究。研究结果表明,研究区域内各月的COD、TN、TP和SS的逐时变化规律具有各自的相似性。     

基于蚁群神经网络的煤矿瓦斯预测模型

为了提高煤矿瓦斯涌出量的预测精度和预测速度,用蚁群算法和神经网络相结合的方法进行预测模型设计。选择瓦斯涌出的重要影响因素,建立其神经网络的预测模型。以网络的均方误差为目标函数,通过蚁群算法的迭代运算,实现BP网络的权值优化,并用优化好的BP网络进行瓦斯涌出预测。仿真结果表明,该方法具有较高的拟合预测精度。