道路车辆电气及电子设备在振动试验中的应力循环和试验设计原则

本文试从振动试验的特点和受试样品承受振动激励的应力循环切入分析,为把握试验方案的拟订提供支持。同时也简要介绍了应力循环的计算方法,供试验人员参考使用。     

Robustness testing of a free-fall triboelectric separation process for plastic waste recovery

Among the separation techniques used in industries, the triboelectric separation of insulating particles using a rotary tube is an effective way employed in the waste recovery of plastic and mineral products. This process, also called free-fall triboelectric separation, is widely used for the sorting of granular mixtures resulting from industrial plastic wastes. Given that the robustness of such a separation process is an important issue, a standard procedure is used for determining the set point and for minimising the process sensitivity of sorting mixed particles of different polymers to changes in the values of some critical factors. The aim of this paper was to analyse the efficiency of the triboelectric separation process of polymers with respect to any slight variation in the values of the most significant factors. Experiments with a sample of high-density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride plastic granules were carried out on a laboratory experimental bench. Several one-factor-at-a-time experiments, followed by two factorial designs (one composite and the other fractional), were performed based on the following experimental procedure: (1) determination of the variation limits of the input variables; (2) identification of the set point and (3) robustness testing of the process, i.e. testing whether the performance of the system remains high even when the factors vary slightly around the set point.     

Improvement of the activity of anaerobic sludge by low-intensity ultrasound

This paper aims to study the enhancement effect of low-intensity ultrasound on anaerobic sludge activity and the efficiency of anaerobic wastewater treatment. Dehydrogenate activity (DHA) and the content of coenzyme F(420) were detected to indicate the change of activity of anaerobic sludge induced by ultrasound at 35 kHz. Single-factor and multiple-factor optimization experiments showed that the optimal ultrasonic intensity and irradiation period were 0.2 W/cm(2) and 10 min, respectively, and the biological activity was enhanced dramatically under the optimal condition. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was increased by ultrasonic treatment and the COD in the effluent was 30% lower than that of the control (without exposure). The hypothetical mechanism of biological activity enhancement by ultrasound was also discussed according to the results.     

苏里格气田试气队伍节能减排工作现状及改进建议

苏里格气田试气队伍因涉及数家企业单位,节能减排工作有其特殊性和复杂性。通过调查试气过程中的排污状况,分析了其节能减排工作中出现的几个问题,如计量粗放、管理薄弱、措施简单等,提出了健全管理制度,完善计量系统,鼓励技术研究,加强自主创新,创建统一平台,依靠丙方监管等措施,以促进其节能减排工作健康有序地发展。     

二元联合作用藻红外测试方法——以重金属为例

为检验二元联合作用藻红外测试方法的可行性,用Cu~(2+)、Fe3+、Mn~(2+)、Al3+、Cr3+、Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)进行了二元联合作用测试实验。结果显示:联合药液的参照浓度与单药液的参照浓度比为0.5:0.25的有15组二元组合,为2.0:1.0的有10组二元组合,为1.0:0.5的有11组二元组合;在9种重金属的36组二元联合作用测试结果中出现拮抗作用、相加作用、协同作用,表明联合作用类型表现出多样性;14组拮抗作用中单组的再现性为50%~100%、多组的再现性的出现率为93%、单组的重现性为67%~100%、多组的重现性的出现率为100%,21组相加作用中单组的再现性为50%~100%、多组的再现性的出现率为86%、单组的重现性为67%~100%、多组的重现性的出现率为100%,1组协同作用重现性67%;36组联合作用测试结果的再现性为50%~100%、再现性的出现率为86%,重现性为67%~100%、重现性的出现率为100%。上述分析可知,9种重金属的36种二元联合作用测试结果具有较好的多样性、再现性、重现性,表明测试条件、藻温测试方法、三指标评价法能够保证藻响应温差和藻响应药品评价结果的质量,参照浓度分析方法、联合作用评价方法能够控制联合作用分析结果的质量;藻响应的有毒有害物都存在敏感浓度,用参照浓度分析方法可分析出藻响应有毒有害物的参照浓度。因此,藻红外测试技术可以用于测试重金属、农药、有机药品、抗生素等的二元联合作用。     

环境试验设备参数测量──沙尘试验设备

沙尘试验设备参数的测量,目前没有相关的标准和指导文件。本文给出沙尘试验设备参数测量的一般方法,主要介绍了一种沙尘浓度测量方法。     

超声波去除农用污泥中重金属的试验研究

污水处理厂污泥中的重金属浓度高是污泥农用的主要障碍。为了降低农用污泥中的重金属含量,以Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb为对象,研究了超声波对其的影响。结果表明:超声对污泥中重金属有一定的溶出作用。当超声时间为30min时,溶解状态Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb的析出率分别为42.1%、37.5%、12.7%、14.7%;总的析出率分别为52.7%、44.7%、23.6%、71%。其中析出的Pb大部分以胶体状态存在,而溶解状态只占很少一部分。其他几种金属则以溶解状态为主。     

钻孔灌注桩的超声波透射法检测

大直径超长桩的桩身混凝土质量检测一直是困扰工程界的一个难题。本文提出和探讨了大直径超长桩桩身混凝土质量的超声波透射检测方法、技术及可靠程度。工程实践证明采用超声波透射法对大直径超长桩检测 ,其检测精度高 ,结果直观可靠 ,可以较详细查明桩身内部缺陷的性质、深度位置、范围大小及严重程度 ,为控制大直径超长桩桩身混凝土质量提供了一种有效的检测方法。     

浅谈环境监测社会化的质量监管新思路

分析了现阶段社会环境检测市场的发展现状及存在的问题,探讨了从环境检测上岗能力、专业技能再教育、从业履历和信用等方面对社会环境检测从业人员进行管理的必要性,提出在机构环境监测能力、检测人员结构流动性、仪器设备在用状态和更新频率、从事环境监测业务信用等方面建立评估机制,推动环境监测市场健康发展。     

直接测汞法和原子荧光法测定土壤中总汞的比对研究

采用DMA-80直接测汞技术,与国标方法原子荧光法对土壤中总汞的测定进行了方法比对研究。试验结果表明,直接测汞法的检出限优于原子荧光法,精密度和准确性能够满足土壤实际样品的测定,对30个实际样品分析结果的比对表明,方法间无显著差异,该方法快速、准确、无污染。