地下车库汽车废气污染状况调查

以上海市静安区两个宾馆的地下车主为研究对象，并以该区某地下会堂为对照，调查了地下车库中废气污染状况，结果表明，废气中ＣＯ，Ｐｂ浓度明显超标，且与对照无明显差别（Ｐ〉０．０５），环境小气候，除风速外地下车库与会堂的气温，湿度无显著性差异，结合是地下为受汽车废气污染相当严重，应充分引起重视，为减轻下车库环境污染，须进行合理设计。     

纺织厂地下尘室火灾危险及其防治

纺织厂地下尘室是着火最多又不易扑救之处。本文介绍了沉降式和网罩过滤式、布袋过滤式尘室,同时分析了粉尘爆炸的特点、条件及防止其爆炸、火灾的方法。     

地下大型商场火灾时期人员疏散计算机模型

地下商场的火灾危险性决定了地下商场的防火设计应以保护人员的生命安全为首要目标。为此,开发了火灾时期人员疏散计算机模型FEgress,该模型可以计算在建筑物内不同位置处发生火灾时,从火灾发生到人员疏散结束所需的时间,与火灾模拟软件相结合,可以评价火灾时期人员生命的安全性。本文详细阐述了模型的有关概念及计算原理,并简单介绍FEgress的应用。     

Science, Policy, and Stakeholders: Developing a Consensus Science Plan for Amchitka Island, Aleutians, Alaska

With the ending of the Cold War, the US Department of Energy is responsible for the remediation of radioactive waste and disposal of land no longer needed for nuclear material production or related national security missions. The task of characterizing the hazards and risks from radionuclides is necessary for assuring the protection of health of humans and the environment. This is a particularly daunting task for those sites that had underground testing of nuclear weapons, where the radioactive contamination is currently inaccessible. Herein we report on the development of a Science Plan to characterize the physical and biological marine environment around Amchitka Island in the Aleutian chain of Alaska, where three underground nuclear tests were conducted (1965–1971). Information on the ecology, geology, and current radionuclide levels in biota, water, and sediment is necessary for evaluating possible current contamination and to serve as a baseline for developing a plan to ensure human and ecosystem health in perpetuity. Other information required includes identifying the location of the salt water/fresh water interface where migration to the ocean might occur in the future and determining groundwater recharge balances, as well as assessing other physical/geological features of Amchitka near the test sites. The Science Plan is needed to address the confusing and conflicting information available to the public about radionuclide risks from underground nuclear blasts in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as the potential for volcanic or seismic activity to disrupt shot cavities or accelerate migration of radionuclides into the sea. Developing a Science Plan involved agreement among regulators and other stakeholders, assignment of the task to the Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, and development of a consensus Science Plan that dealt with contentious scientific issues. Involvement of the regulators (State of Alaska), resource trustees (U S Fish and Wildlife Service), representatives of the Aleut and Pribilof Island communities, and other stakeholders was essential for plan development and approval, although this created tensions because of the different objectives of each group. The complicated process of developing a Science Plan involved iterations and interactions with multiple agencies and organizations, scientists in several disciplines, regulators, and the participation of Aleut people in their home communities, as well as the general public. The importance of including all parties in all phases of the development of the Science Plan was critical to its acceptance by a broad range of regulators, agencies, resource trustees, Aleutian/Pribilof communities, and other stakeholders.     

含铁地下水取水构筑物进水面上的腐蚀与沉积

地下水取水构筑物早期报废的原因错综复杂,而含铁地下水取水构筑物的早期报废问题常常比一般情况更为突出,本文对含铁地下水取水构筑的进水面上的腐蚀与沉积问题进行了初步探讨,供分析研究。     

探地雷达—电法—化探技术在地下排污管网探测工程中的应用

介绍探地雷达－电法化探技术的基本原理及应用于齐鲁石化公司地下排污管线进行测漏的工程实例。     

大气二氧化硫两种分析方法对测定结果的影响

对甲醛缓冲溶液吸收－盐酸副玫瑰胺测定大气中ＳＯ２的两种分析方法进行了对比实验表明，由于实验条件和试剂浓度不同，造成测定结果有一定差异，（空气和废气监测分析方法）法略高于（环境监测技术规范）法。     

Spatiotemporal variation of radon and carbon dioxide concentrations in an underground quarry: coupled processes of natural ventilation, barometric pumping and internal mixing

Radon-222 and carbon dioxide concentrations have been measured during several years at several points in the atmosphere of an underground limestone quarry located at a depth of 18 m in Vincennes, near Paris, France. Both concentrations showed a seasonal cycle. Radon concentration varied from 1200 to 2000 Bq m⁻³ in summer to about 800-1400 Bq m⁻³ in winter, indicating winter ventilation rates varying from 0.6 to 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. Carbon dioxide concentration varied from 0.9 to 1.0% in summer, to about 0.1-0.3% in winter. Radon concentration can be corrected for natural ventilation using temperature measurements. The obtained model also accounts for the measured seasonal variation of carbon dioxide. After correction, radon concentrations still exhibit significant temporal variation, mostly associated with the variation of atmospheric pressure, with coupling coefficients varying from −7 to −26 Bq m⁻³ hPa⁻¹. This variation can be accounted for using a barometric pumping model, coupled with natural ventilation in winter, and including internal mixing as well. After correction, radon concentrations exhibit residual temporal variation, poorly correlated between different points, with standard deviations varying from 3 to 6%. This study shows that temporal variation of radon concentrations in underground cavities can be understood to a satisfactory level of detail using non-linear and time-dependent modelling. It is important to understand the temporal variation of radon concentrations and the limitations in their modelling to monitor the properties of natural or artificial underground settings, and to be able to assess the existence of new processes, for example associated with the preparatory phases of volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.     

遗传神经网络在地下商场火灾风险评价中的应用

由于地下商场火灾时非线性强、风险大,目前国内没有明确的地下商场火灾风险评价模型。建立了地下商场火灾风险评价的指标体系。根据遗传神经网络原理提出了地下商场火灾风险的遗传神经网络评价模型,其中采用了适用于少样本评价的灰色聚类方法来确定训练遗传神经网络的样本。将所建立的模型通过实例评价进行了验证,结果表明此模型在地下商场火灾评价中具有较好的应用价值。