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261.
The development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) brings challenges for safety issues regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) transmission pipelines. Once a pipeline is punctured or full-bore ruptured, the leaked CO2 is hazardous to personnel and the environment. Small-scale devices were established with the aim of studying the release and dispersion behaviour of gas and liquid CO2 from a punctured underground pipeline. A sandbox was built to simulate the underground conditions. The parameters of the sand used in the experiments were tested. CO2 concentrations on the ground and temperatures around the release orifice in the sand were analysed. The results indicate that in the CO2 gas release experiments, the CO2 concentration on the sand surface decreases with increasing horizontal distance in the form of a power function. CO2 concentrations in upward release are slightly larger than those in horizontal release at the same location but are obviously bigger than values in downward release. The temperature-drop region is much smaller than that in air. A frozen ice ball can be generated near the release orifice during the gas phase of the CO2-release process. In the liquid phase of CO2-release experiments, a large amount of dry ice is generated near the release orifice. Dry ice can only be generated in the area close to the release orifice, especially in the near-field area. 相似文献
262.
This paper focuses on the analysis of the possibility of domino effect in underground parallel pipelines relying on historical accident data and pipeline crater models. An underground pipeline can be considered as safe following an accident with an adjacent gas or liquefied pipeline when it remains outside the ground crater generated. In order to prevent the domino effect in these cases, the design of parallel pipelines has to consider adequate pipeline separations based on the crater width, which is one of the widely used methods in engineering applications. The objective of this work is the analysis of underground petroleum product pipelines ruptures with the formation of a ground crater as well as the evaluation of possible domino effects in these cases. A detailed literature survey has been carried out to review existing crater models along with a historical analysis of past accidents. A FORTRAN code has been implemented to assess the performance of the Gasunie, the Batelle and the Advantica crater models. In addition to this, a novel Accident-Based crater model has been presented, which allows the prediction of the crater width as a function of the relevant design pipeline parameters as well as the soil density. Modifications have also been made to the Batelle and Accident-Based models in order to overcome the underestimation of the crater width. The calculated crater widths have been compared with real accident data and the performance evaluation showed that the proposed Accident-Based model has a better performance compared to other models studied in this work. The analysis of forty-eight past accidents indicated a major potential of underground parallel pipelines domino effect which is proven by two real cases taken from the literature. Relying on the investigated accidents, the crater width was smaller than or equal to 20 m in most cases indicating that the definition of underground pipeline separations at around 10 m would be sufficient to ensure a small probability of the domino effect. 相似文献
263.
以大连市1984年-2013年逐年7、8月的日平均温度、相对湿度及平均风速等气象数据为基础,基于模糊综合评价法,对大连市夏季人体舒适度现状进行分析与评价,得到结论如下:用模糊综合评判大连市气候舒适度最适合的评判标准为气温22℃、相对湿度70%和风速2 m/s;大连市总体气候舒适状况良好,夏季相对最舒适的时间段为第6旬(8月20日~8月31日),最不舒适的时间段为第4旬(8月1日~8月10日);由于大连市夏季经常伴有雷阵雨甚至暴雨天气以及湿度大等原因,使得炎热气温所造成的不舒适的天气状况常能得到改善,因此大连市夏季舒适程度所占比例较大。 相似文献
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267.
摘要:本文介绍了粉煤灰的来源、物理化学特性及其产生环境污染,重点探讨了粉煤友的综合利用途径,并简单阐述了其发展前景与存在问题。 相似文献
268.
主成分分析法和模糊综合分析法在水质评价中的实例比较 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在涉及众多因子的水质综合评价中,每种评价方法有其自身的优缺点。将模糊综合分析法与主成分分析法在实例中进行比较,通过比较得出主成分分析法能够客观地确定各个指标的权重,避免了随意性,也避免了计算过程中由于因子众多,数据复杂而造成的人工计算误差,使结果更加可靠。主成分分析将原来的众多的子转化为少数主成分,少数主成分综合的反映水质情况,且各主成分内不同因子之间的相关性关系也十分明确。 相似文献
269.
模糊综合评判法在水质评价中的应用——以松花江流域为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
社会的快速发展在给人类带来经济效益的同时,也给环境尤其是水环境造成极大的压力,水质问题是当今社会亟待解决的重大难题之一。水质是诸多因素影响的结果,具有一定程度的不确定性,所以在水质评价中需要综合考虑模糊因素。本文采用模糊综合评判法对松花江流域八个断面水质进行评价,引入数学隶属度的概念,针对多种评价因子指标值大小表示的污染程度不同,采用两种隶属度计算公式,且客观定量地确定各污染因子的权重,从而确定水质类别。 相似文献
270.