油气管道腐蚀可靠性的贝叶斯评价法

对油气管道腐蚀危害因素进行分析,建立其失效故障树。根据故障树分析原理,找出导致管道腐蚀穿孔破坏的23个因素。通过对故障树的定性分析,采用下行法求出油气管道腐蚀失效故障树的96个全部最小割集,并确定失效的主要影响因素。结合最小割集不相交化法和贝叶斯可靠性评定法对管道腐蚀失效进行定量分析,通过某油气管道事故统计数据,利用贝叶斯可靠性评定方法求出油气管道腐蚀可靠性的一阶矩和二阶矩。对一阶矩和二阶矩进行拟合,求出油气管道腐蚀可靠性的第一近似下限和第二近似下限。结果表明:得出的油气腐蚀管道贝叶斯可靠性评价结果可以指导管道系统的维护和维修,降低管道运行的风险。     

山体隧道油气管道安全稳定性规律研究

鉴于目前隧道内管道常规力学计算结果相对保守,没有考虑高强度管材较高延性的问题,构建了山体隧道管道稳定性分析有限元模型,采用Ramberg-Osgood本构模型描述管材力学特性,采用非线性弹簧模拟隧道内滑动支座和管卡特性,采用土弹簧模型描述分析地下结构与土体相互作用关系,对某隧道天然气管道进行了稳定性计算,研究了不同因素对稳定性的影响规律,并在此基础上提出了隧道管道敷设的优化方法,为工程设计提供参考。     

聚乙烯管道变形分布式光纤监测试验研究

聚乙烯材料的管道易于变形,因此对其在安装和运营过程中的变形监测是一项十分重要的工作。布里渊光时域反射计(BOTDR)是一项新型的分布式光电传感应变监测技术,已被广泛应用于结构物的变形监测中。本文基于该项技术,设计了一套聚乙烯管道变形分布式光纤监测试验方案,对聚乙烯管道纯弯曲变形进行了试验研究,获取了管道表面光纤沿线的应变分布,据此分析了管道的变形方位,并推算出纯弯曲状态下的管道转角,验证了该技术在聚乙烯管道分布式监测中应用的可行性,为地下管道的一站式在线监测提供了一种新的技术方法。     

管道开挖施工穿越水源保护区的环境影响评价

北汝河水源保护区事关许昌市的生活用水供应,如何在输气管道采用大开挖施工方式穿越北汝河饮用水源保护区时做好污染防治,将工程施工对水质的影响降至最低,是环境影响评价中的一个重要内容。     

地下污水管线泄漏原位自动监测模拟实验研究

地下污水管线的泄漏将会对土壤、地下水环境产生严重的影响.本研究建立一套基于高密度电阻率测量的地下污水管线泄漏原位自动监测装置,通过室内模拟实验,验证该装置在不同地下水水位条件下对地下污水管线泄漏进行实时监测的可行性.结果表明,当泄漏管线位于包气带中时,能够迅速监测到管线发生的小流量泄漏;当管线位于地下水水位附近,也能迅速监测到管线发生的小流量泄漏,而且通过管线以上土层电阻率的梯度变化,还可推测污染物泄漏的程度;当管线位于地下水位以下时,由于污染物在地下水中迅速的混合并扩散,只有当泄漏达到一定浓度,使电阻率产生能够观测到的变化,才能监测到泄漏发生.本研究所使用的装置能够对位于不同地下水位和埋深条件下的污水管线泄漏进行实时自动监测.     

大石围天坑群地下河沉积物中PAHs的污染特征

为探索喀斯特地下河沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征、来源,研究选择典型的广西乐业大石围天坑群地下河进行,沿途采集7个断面的沉积物样品,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对16种优控PAHs进行定量分析.结果表明,大石围天坑群地下河上层沉积物中总PAHs浓度为37.75～1 662.72 ng/g,下层沉积物为43....     

Analysis and assessment of a critical event during an underground coal gasification experiment

The main goal of the study presented in this paper was to analyse the mechanisms affecting an Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) process and to identify possible deviations of the system from normal work to limit, or even avoid, losses. The UCG process is one of the most innovative technologies connected with the exploitation of coal deposits that are currently being tested and developed all around the world. It allows the conversion of a coal seam into gas under in situ conditions of high temperature with the use of gasifying agents such as air, oxygen, steam or with a mixture of them.The paper presents the results of the analysis and assessment of a critical event during the process: a dangerous gas accumulation that occurred during an underground coal gasification experiment in the Experimental Mine “Barbara” of the Central Mining Institute (Poland). The UCG experiment using the shaft method is described, together with its monitoring system and the problems that appeared during the process. The application of the Fault Tree Methodology allowed the establishment of the main factors that may lead to the explosion and to present possible scenarios of its occurrence.Moreover, calculations were carried out to evaluate the risk level of explosion for the gas mixture and the minimum level of oxygen in the mixture that is necessary to initiate an explosion. These calculations were based on a modification of the formula proposed by Le Chatelier. During the course of the underground experiment, original information of the process behaviour has been acquired that can be used in the preparation of other UCG experiments in operational mines to guarantee the safety and the stability of the process.     

Institutional Responses to Climate Change: the Case of the Alaska Transportation System

Institutions managing the Alaska road,rail, airport, and marine highwaytransportation system and the pipelinecorridor are evaluated for reactions toevidence of climate change. Long-termclimate warming is not a formal criterionin the decisional process of the stateDepartment of Transportation and PublicFacilities for road and airport projects,which have a short (15–25 year) life span,but is taken into account for bridgeconstruction (50–75 year life). Short- tomid-term climate effects are considered inareas with discontinuous permafrost andaffect routing, roadbed construction, andmaintenance decisions. National standardsare amended with Alaska-specific practicesfor unique cold-weather conditions.The Federal/State Joint Pipeline Office(JPO), responsible for monitoring ofpipeline safety under the federal lease andstate grant, in 2001 developed additionalstipulations to mitigate permafrost thawingand slope instability, including a `watchlist' of 200 wobbling VSMs on theTrans-Alaska Pipeline. This action appearsmore responsive to climate change effectsthan that of any other arctic institutionstudied. It can be attributed to thespecific authority of the JPO to monitorgeotechnical conditions at present and inthe future.In general, agencies tended to adoptincremental responses to evidence ofclimate change.     

城市污泥管道输送与处置结合的新技术

介绍我国城市污泥的处置现状,对国内外的污泥输送方式进行了比较,综合得出管道输送方式是结合污泥处置的最理想的输送方式。结合污泥焚烧处置与储存、装载技术应用实例,详细介绍了一种集污泥预处理、输送、处置于一体的新技术。     

二氧化碳储存技术的研究现状和展望

为了减少因温室效应造成的危害,必须大量减少CO2的人为排放.将化石燃料燃烧产生的CO2进行储存(尤其是地下储存)能够长期、有效地阻止大气中CO2浓度的增加.通过对CO2储存技术研究现状的介绍,对中国今后开展CO2地下储存技术提出了建议和研究方向.