城市天然气系统地震灾害风险评估研究

城市天然气系统地震灾害风险评估是城市生命线工程研究的重要内容.基于城市天然气管道网路分布的特点,地震危险性分析、管道工程易损性(脆弱性)等工程研究成果基础上,考虑城市天然气系统错综复杂的网络特点,开展地震灾害风险评估构成内容研究;基于城市天然气系统震害对管道运营企业、城市的区域经济、社会和资源与环境的市场影响和非市场影...     

油气管道管理探索

结合生产实际,对油田的油气压力管道的类型进行了分类,区分出风险梯度,找出管理的重点;对集输气管道的现状进行分析,找出了存在的主要问题。介绍了GPS、GIS信息系统的建设过程及其运行情况,同时还对当前管道治理的难点进行了分析,对如何进行宣传、治理、应急管理进行了简要说明。     

东临复线增输后的安全低耗输油

分析了输油管线增输后的新特点,采取了实现安全低耗输油的对策：增设水击超前保护系统、合理安排管线启停顺序。     

天然气管道风险辨识与治理

结合工作实际,首先对油气田的天然气管道类型进行了分类、分级,找出了管理的重点和难点;对管道的运行管理现状进行分析和评价,找出了存在的主要问题及薄弱环节,针对占压、外部腐蚀、内部腐蚀、穿孔、跨河流、全面检测、在线检测等突出问题,结合所在单位长期以来的相关做法展开叙述;从几个方面提出防范治理措施。     

埋地含蜡原油管道凝管损失计算模型研究

分析了凝管处理过程中可能发生的各项费用,根据它们的特点和性质将其划分为管道清理费、临时土地占用赔偿、管道停输损失、环境污染赔偿和其他费用等5类.建立了凝管损失计算模型,同时给出了5类费用的计算公式.针对环境污染赔偿计算缺乏依据标准的问题,提出了采用土地永久征地价格作为环境污染赔偿标准参与计算.并将该模型用于国内某管道发生全线凝管事故的损失计算,对计算结果进行了分析.结果显示,模型计算得到损失大小和损失组成特点符合实际,表明所建模型可以用于凝管损失计算,并有利于含蜡原油管道风险评价的开展.     

长输管道管理现状分析及其对策

主要阐述了目前影响长输管道管理中外部环境的不利因素、基层存在的问题和采取的对策.     

输油管道静电放电形式及危害防护研究

油品管输过程中产生的静电是影响油料安全运输的主要危险源之一。总结了输油管道静电起电的宏观和微观过程及影响管道带电的因素,根据各种静电放电类型的发生条件以及金属、绝缘管道(软管、胶管)自身特性,分析得出金属管道的放电形式主要是电晕放电和火花放电,而绝缘管道的放电形式主要是火花放电和刷形放电。针对金属管道和绝缘管道输油作业中可能发生的静电危害事故,从油品进入管道前、管道中及其他如温湿度控制等3方面提出了一系列防护措施。     

埋地热油管道泄漏裂纹开裂的应力研究

研究了导致埋地热油管道泄漏裂纹开裂的应力机制,采用有限元方法对埋地热油管道进行模拟计算,求得热-结构耦合作用下管道整体当量应力变化云图,并得出管道弯管处应力高于直管段应力的结论;继而采用电阻应变测试法对埋地热油管道的弯管处进行实时应力测定,并绘制了各测点的轴向和周向应力变化曲线,通过各测点应力比较得出弯管内侧有两点应力波动幅值偏大,弯管外侧4号测点处轴向应力超过管材的屈服点。结果表明:在结构-热应力耦合作用下,埋地热油管道在弯管外侧轴向应力最大,易有I型裂纹萌生并扩展,在弯管内侧易有疲劳裂纹萌生并扩展。     

Application of game theory in risk management of urban natural gas pipelines

This paper presents a game theory methodology for risk management of urban natural gas pipelines, which is a collaborative participation mechanism of the stakeholders, including government, pipeline companies, and the public. Firstly, the involvement proportion of stakeholders in risk management under rational conditions is estimated by the static game theory. Subsequently, the system dynamics (SD) simulation is used to establish an evolution game model of stakeholders in risk management under the irrational conditions, in which the stability of the evolution game process is analyzed. The stakeholders’ involvement proportions from the static game model are utilized as the inputs for the evolution game model to simulate the dynamic evolution behavior of risk management strategies with different involvement proportions of stakeholders. Eventually, the dynamic evaluation game can extract an optimal strategy for risk management of urban natural gas pipelines. A case study is used to illustrate the methodology. In essence, this methodology can be extended for implementing risk management of urban infrastructure.     

Development of HGAPSO-SVR corrosion prediction approach for offshore oil and gas pipelines

Managing the oil and gas pipelines against corrosion is one of the major challenges of the oil and gas sector because of the complexities associated with the initiation, stabilization, and growth of the corrosion defects. The present research attempts to develop a model for predicting the maximum depth of pitting corrosion in oil and gas pipelines using SVM algorithm. In order to improve the SVM performance, Hybrid PSO and GA was utilized. Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the time lapse for the pit depth growth. In order to implement the above modeling approaches and to prove their efficiency and accuracy against a large database, a total of 340 data samples for corrosion depth and rate are retrieved from the Iranian Oilfields. The performance of the new algorithm shows that it has higher stability and accuracy. In addition, the forecasting results of the new algorithm are compared with the 11 intelligent optimization algorithms, it shows that the novel hybrid algorithm has higher accuracy, better generalization ability, and stronger robustness. The coefficient of determination (R²) value in the testing phase for SVM-HGAPSO was estimated by 0.99. Proposed hybrid model and Monte-Carlo simulations pitting corrosion based on Poisson square wave process have been used to predict the time evolution of the mean value of the pit depth distribution for different categories of maximum pitting rates (low, moderate, high and sever). The models was validated with 4 field data for each of the pitting corrosion categories and the results agreed well. The pipelines under severe pitting corrosion rate were, more conservatively predicted by HGAPSO-SVR than those under low, moderate and high pitting corrosion rates. The results obtained demonstrate the potentials of this technique for the integrity management of corroded aged pipelines.