聚天冬氨酸作为油田阻垢剂的研究进展

目前国内油田注水管线清洗需要性能更佳的阻垢剂。经过对比研究,选择聚天冬氨酸作为油田阻垢清洗剂。同传统的阻垢剂相比,它的阻垢效果好,而且生物降解性极佳。分析了合成条件、相对分子量对合成的聚天冬氨酸阻垢性能的影响,确定了最佳的合成条件,并提出了聚天冬氨酸在其他领域的应用和今后的发展方向。     

Science, Policy, and Stakeholders: Developing a Consensus Science Plan for Amchitka Island, Aleutians, Alaska

With the ending of the Cold War, the US Department of Energy is responsible for the remediation of radioactive waste and disposal of land no longer needed for nuclear material production or related national security missions. The task of characterizing the hazards and risks from radionuclides is necessary for assuring the protection of health of humans and the environment. This is a particularly daunting task for those sites that had underground testing of nuclear weapons, where the radioactive contamination is currently inaccessible. Herein we report on the development of a Science Plan to characterize the physical and biological marine environment around Amchitka Island in the Aleutian chain of Alaska, where three underground nuclear tests were conducted (1965–1971). Information on the ecology, geology, and current radionuclide levels in biota, water, and sediment is necessary for evaluating possible current contamination and to serve as a baseline for developing a plan to ensure human and ecosystem health in perpetuity. Other information required includes identifying the location of the salt water/fresh water interface where migration to the ocean might occur in the future and determining groundwater recharge balances, as well as assessing other physical/geological features of Amchitka near the test sites. The Science Plan is needed to address the confusing and conflicting information available to the public about radionuclide risks from underground nuclear blasts in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as the potential for volcanic or seismic activity to disrupt shot cavities or accelerate migration of radionuclides into the sea. Developing a Science Plan involved agreement among regulators and other stakeholders, assignment of the task to the Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, and development of a consensus Science Plan that dealt with contentious scientific issues. Involvement of the regulators (State of Alaska), resource trustees (U S Fish and Wildlife Service), representatives of the Aleut and Pribilof Island communities, and other stakeholders was essential for plan development and approval, although this created tensions because of the different objectives of each group. The complicated process of developing a Science Plan involved iterations and interactions with multiple agencies and organizations, scientists in several disciplines, regulators, and the participation of Aleut people in their home communities, as well as the general public. The importance of including all parties in all phases of the development of the Science Plan was critical to its acceptance by a broad range of regulators, agencies, resource trustees, Aleutian/Pribilof communities, and other stakeholders.     

国际油气管道运输企业环境管理的先进经验及启示 以加拿大Enbridge公司为例(一)

以加拿大Enbridge公司为例,从环境政策、施工环境管理等几方面,详细介绍了北美油气管道运输行业环境管理工作先进经验,并对我国相关企业的环境管理提出了建议。     

工业管道压力试验应注意的安全问题

按有关规定,我国压力管道分为长输管道、工业管道和公用管道,工业管道是指工业企业所属的用于运输工艺介质的工艺管道、公用工程管道和其他辅助管道,即工业企业内运行的压力管道均为工业管道.主要介绍了我国工业企业内工业管道相关运行维护管理与检验现状,重点强调工业管道运行中安全性能,及对工业安全性能确定所进行的压力试验的相关要求,为企业内部如何防止工业管道事故发生,实现安全生产提供有益的探索.     

受限空间内粉尘流动的浓度分布模型及其数值模拟

受限空间内颗粒的流动规律对研究颗粒输送和净化等有很大的作用,在其基础上运用气固两相流动理论中的欧拉-拉格朗日离散相模型和湍流等模型,并以该模型为基础,采用计算流体力学的软件,以通风管道为例,对受限空间内粉尘浓度分布规律进行数值模拟。分析和讨论气体风速、管径的变化对通风管道内浓度分布的影响,同时对管道后底部附近的直线和点处浓度随进口风速变化进行模拟和监测。通过结果和对比表明该模拟较好地体现了粉尘等颗粒在管道等受限空间实际情况,具有重要的参考和借鉴作用。     

长庆气田——呼和浩特输气管道工程生态环境保护及恢复对策

针对管道工程的特点,尤其是管道工程穿越脆弱沙地生态系统的特点,在分析管道沿线生态环境现状及特点的基础上,重点从沙地生态系统的演替规律出发,分析了管道工程沙地段的主要环境问题,借鉴当地已有的生态恢复的成功经验,进一步提出了穿越脆弱沙地生态系统管道工程项目的生态保护和恢复对策。     

含铁地下水取水构筑物进水面上的腐蚀与沉积

地下水取水构筑物早期报废的原因错综复杂,而含铁地下水取水构筑物的早期报废问题常常比一般情况更为突出,本文对含铁地下水取水构筑的进水面上的腐蚀与沉积问题进行了初步探讨,供分析研究。     

成都市污水管道输送和处理的模拟试验研究

本文针对成都市污水输送和污染现状，提出管式活性污泥处理法，并进行了有关模拟试验研究。     

采用高压水射流技术清洗炼油催化装置油汽管线

炼油厂催化裂化装置沉降器至分馏塔之间的油气管线,在生产过程中容易结焦而影响装置的正常运转。通过几种方案的分析对比,选择并采用高压水射流技术进行清洗。结合多年的清洗实践,提出了该工况条件下,高压水射流清洗工装的设计设置、清洗装备器材的选配、清洗工艺参数的确定、清洗方案实施的业绩以及清洗作业的安全措施要点。指出了采用高压水射流技术清洗油气管线结焦是行之有效的方法。