城市流域综合整治及环境经济损益分析

随着社会的进步和经济的发展，随之带来的城市污染也日益严重，进行城市流域科学、合理的规划和综合整治，具有十分重要的意义。本文以重庆市清水溪流域为例，在分析流域现状的基础上，结合重庆市总体规划，提出了城市流域综合整治的措施：沿岸两例污水管网建设、两岸垃圾整治、河道清淤及防洪、两岸绿化带及景点建设、水土保持、水源地涵养区规划与建设等。并从生态、社会和经济方面进行分析，对产生的环境效益进行评价：整治工程建成后清水溪流域接纳的污染物CODcr将削减857lt／a、总磷削减160t/a、SS削减6156t／a；流域生态环境大大改善；同时将带来巨大的直接经济效益；整治工程是为民造福的民心工程。     

城市绿化规划研究初探--以长沙市雨花区为例

城市绿化规划是城市生态规划的基本内容。本文以长沙市雨花区为例，运用景观生态学原理，分析了城市绿地系统建设存在的问题，提出了城市生态绿地系统规划的基本内容和生态对策，可为一些城市的生态建设提供参考依据。     

城市减灾与城市规划

随着改革开放的深入,城市现代化建设突飞猛进,然而,城市灾害日益严重,已成为城市发展的主要障碍之一。城市规划和管理工作直接关系和影响着城市的减灾防灾。本文在阐述城市灾害类型和成因分析的基础上,提出城市规划过程中的几点对策。     

An economic analysis of different types of formal and informal entrepreneurs, recovering urban solid waste in Bangalore (India)

The recycling sector in India, which consists of a comprehensive trade and production sector, is rather complex. Nevertheless, it creates important benefits for both the economy and the environment. In order to comprehend the system, a case study has been performed on the recycling sector (paper, plastic, glass and non-ferrous metal) in Bangalore (India), focussing on the market structure, the scale of operation, employment effects, constraints, and recent developments. It was found that this highly competitive and labour-intensive industry is largely dependent on cheap labour and the supply of solid waste from the local trade system. Its mostly informal nature results from the ‘unregisteredness’ of the materials. Consequently, government involvement is avoided as much as possible. With present growth rates, prospects of recycling in Bangalore are advancing. Yet, problems such as lack of supply and loss of quality emerge. Therefore, quality control and market conditions should be improved.     

Flanders’ urbanity — an outline

This article deals with Flanders’ urbanity. At the moment Flanders, a part of Belgium, is responsible for its own town and country planning. Nevertheless, today's picture of urbanity is, for the greatest part, the result of Belgian policy. The results are nothing to be proud of. In fact Flanders has no urbanity anymore, nor a real rurality. Everywhere in the countryside there are houses and other constructions; on the other hand and consequently the centres of cities and villages are in decay. The following text tries to draw, very briefly, the problems and the development of the problems in urban and rural Flanders. The roots have to be searched in the 19th century, especially in the constitution of Belgium, which is one of the most liberal on earth. The first part of the article is dealing with the history of urbanisation, whilst the second part deals with some recent evolutions in housing and housing policy, in employment and employment policy, in transport and transport policy. Finally, the third part is concerned with the town and country planning which has to structure the developments in spatial use for housing, industrial building and so on, but which has failed.     

The French new towns — Les Villes Nouvelle

The new towns programme in France can be said to have run its course and now is an opportune moment to look back at the programme and review the context, content and progress. The paper gives a general context within which the new towns developed from the time of the Third National Plan, and subsequent policies aimed to stem migration to Paris. Progress of the new towns is discussed and some of the problems and successes are highlighted.     

Flood hazard assessment for land-use planning near desert mountains

Metropolitan areas located in arid and semiarid environments are rapidly expanding onto the piedmonts of nearby desert mountains. Hazards to urban development are posed by the complex fluvial systems that characterize these environments, yet no generally accepted methodology exists for evaluating flood hazards on desert piedmonts. An approach to flood hazard assessment is presented that involves the hydrogeomorphic analysis of land surfaces. Five flood hazard zones are identified for an area in central Arizona by analyzing the spatial variation of landforms and their associated fluvial processes. The methodology is applicable to similar environments elsewhere because it is based on the identification of forms and processes common to arid regions. The information provided by the analysis can form the basis for a comprehensive flood hazard management plan.     

The costs of incidents on urban fringe farms: a planning problem?

Several surveys have investigated the nature of farming under urban fringe conditions but none, until now, have involved the continuous monitoring of criminal and civil law incidents over a period of time. This paper describes the results of such a survey on urban fringe farms between Tyneside and Sunderland in North‐East England. The analysis outlines the nature of offences which occurred, the type of offender, the time incurred by and cost of the incident to the farmer. The cost of the offences should determine how many resources are devoted to remedying the problem, e.g. in modifying local plans.     

Housing areas — factors that need to be considered in the site layout and design process

The lack of any particular character in much new low‐rise housing is seen as resulting in the lack of attention paid to the detailing of space between buildings. The landscape architect's role in overcoming “placelessness” is considered, and the information needs of designers is discussed. The paper also offers some notes for the designer on user needs.     

Community business: a new role for the planner

The growing political pressure for local authorities in the UK to be seen to be doing something about unemployment has led to a variety of local economic initiatives. This paper looks at one such initiative in Scotland. Community Business aims to help those who have not benefitted from conventional schemes; that is, the long‐term unemployed with outdated skills, or with no skills at all. The paper considers how and why planners should be involved in community business promotion, on the basis of Scottish experience.