巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中生长条件优化研究

选用巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megatherium)作为实验菌种,以餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液为发酵培养基制作解磷液态菌肥。将巨大芽孢杆菌接种于餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中进行培养并确定最佳发酵时间,考察初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量和脱出液与水的混合比例对活菌数的影响。结果表明:巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中最佳发酵时间为36 h,发酵最佳初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量和脱出液与水的混合比例分别为7.5、2%、30℃、210 r/min、50 m L(250 m L锥形瓶)和1∶1。巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中进行培养后可达到农业部规定的液态菌肥的活菌数(2×108cfu/m L)标准。     

资源和环境约束下的城市产业结构优化——以徐州市为例

徐州在传统工业化进程中取得了较大进展,但也存在着较大问题。徐州需要加快实现工业化进程的路径转换,坚定走新型工业化道路。应当寻求工业化与信息化互动的结合点和切入点;推进产业结构优化升级;强化科技创新和扩大对外开放。要牢固确立新的发展观,切实转变经济增长方式,大力发展循环经济,加强环境保护和生态建设,营造一流人居环境。按照新型工业化的要求,实现徐州城市的可持续发展。     

Urban hinterlands—the case of an Israeli town ecological footprint

Modern urban life is characterized by the consumption of materials and energy, which are imported from all over the world and discharge waste that in many cases has a negative impact on ecosystems far from the cities in which they consumed. Indeed, cities cannot survive without worldwide hinterlands for resources and emissions sequestration. The ecological footprint (EF) concept provides valuable insights into the human appropriation of resources relative to earth’s carrying capacity, and therefore it enables us to compare human demands with nature’s supply and provides an indicator of human ecological sustainability. An attempt was made to calculate the EF of Ra’anana, Israel as a case study, to compare the EF-value with the expected for ecological sustainability and to emphasize the dependence on overseas ecosystems. Ra’anana, a town of 67,300 inhabitants in the year 2002, is considered a ‘dormitory town’ with a high quality of life. The EF was calculated using mainly the component method. The calculated EF for Ra’anana is 4.0 ha/resident which means that the required hinterland, located all over the world, is nearly 180 times the size of the town. The town’s EF is twice the value expected for sustainability on a global scale. We draw several scenarios in order to reduce the EF. On a national basis as well as with the town case study, electric energy, food and waste can be reduced and in turn would have a dramatic impact on the EF.

城市垃圾肥在锡矿尾砂库植被重建中的应用

在广西大厂矿区废弃的锡矿尾砂库上进行植被的重建试验。设对照组、垃圾肥处理组和覆土组,种植固氮植物银合欢(Leucaenaleucocephala)。100d时采样分析,垃圾肥处理组的银合欢生长状况最好,重金属从土壤到植物的迁移明显降低,说明在锡矿尾砂库植被重建中,可以利用垃圾肥替代土壤,银合欢可以作为锡矿尾砂库植被重建的先锋树种。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺及SBR反应器中主要原生动物的种群变化

针对垃圾渗滤液的特点，提出了脱氨氮→SBR生化处理→加氯消毒的处理工艺，并观察研究了SBR反应器中原生动物的种群变化．试验结果表明：经上述处理工艺，各种年限的垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮、CODCr等指标均能达到排放标准；SBR反应器中原生动物种类丰富，它们与其它微生物相互协同，提高生化处理效率；通过对SBR反应器中原生动物种类和数量变化的显微观察，可及时地了解处理系统的运行状态．图11表2参14     

A note on the measurement of agglomeration economies with compensation for urban disamenities

The net agglomeration and disamenities approaches to the measurement of agglomeration economies are merged. The net agglomeration view is represented by a labor demand function derived from Segal (D. Segal, Rev. Econ. Stat. 48, 339–350 (1976)). The disamenities view is represented by an upward-sloping labor supply function derived from Izraeli (O. Izraeli, Urban Stud. 14, 275–290 (1977)). Three cases are simulated. Case I is the benchmark case and assumes a linear homogeneous production function, no agglomeration economies, and no perceived environmental quality differences between cities. Cases II and III combine Segal and Izraeli by introducing agglomeration economies, an upward-sloping labor supply function, and a change in the level of air pollution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of isolating the output of market goods and environmental goods within a common framework.     

市民与城市林业

今天,美国许多林业工作者正在研究城市林业。城市居民和社会团体每天都要接触都市环境,管理和使用城市林业资源,因此,城市林业与市民的关系是非常密切的。其相互作用也是非常重要的。 城市林业资源的管理和使用与普通林业有广泛地联系,有时,市民们是直接按普通林业的方式来管理城市林业的。 本文论述了在城市环境中,市民与城市林业的关系、说明了城市林业的多种效益、提出了与城市林业有关的一些论点。     

Heavy metals accumulation in tree leaves from urban areas

Higher plants may be used as biomonitors for the assessment of atmospheric heavy metal pollution by means of their bioaccumulative properties. We evaluated the reliability of biomonitoring heavy metal pollution by horse chestnut and linden leaves, common species found in Belgrade city parks. The results show that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in horse chestnut leaves at Studentski Park site, amounting to 110.2, 20.3 and 4.9 g g^–1 dry weight for Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively, which are considered above toxic levels for plants.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic.     

洛阳市城市生活垃圾成份分析

对洛阳市城市生活垃圾按季节进行了分类，分析了垃圾中碳、硫、挥发分、灰分及水分的含量，测定了垃圾发热量及部分化学元素的含量，为城市生活垃圾的处理提供了科学数据。     

城市垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理的工艺分析

分析了渗滤液处理工艺的现状，结合国内外的工程实例，介绍了多种处理渗滤液的厌氧处理工艺，并对其优缺点进行了分析比较。