垃圾渗滤液处理工艺及SBR反应器中主要原生动物的种群变化

针对垃圾渗滤液的特点，提出了脱氨氮→SBR生化处理→加氯消毒的处理工艺，并观察研究了SBR反应器中原生动物的种群变化．试验结果表明：经上述处理工艺，各种年限的垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮、CODCr等指标均能达到排放标准；SBR反应器中原生动物种类丰富，它们与其它微生物相互协同，提高生化处理效率；通过对SBR反应器中原生动物种类和数量变化的显微观察，可及时地了解处理系统的运行状态．图11表2参14     

A note on the measurement of agglomeration economies with compensation for urban disamenities

The net agglomeration and disamenities approaches to the measurement of agglomeration economies are merged. The net agglomeration view is represented by a labor demand function derived from Segal (D. Segal, Rev. Econ. Stat. 48, 339–350 (1976)). The disamenities view is represented by an upward-sloping labor supply function derived from Izraeli (O. Izraeli, Urban Stud. 14, 275–290 (1977)). Three cases are simulated. Case I is the benchmark case and assumes a linear homogeneous production function, no agglomeration economies, and no perceived environmental quality differences between cities. Cases II and III combine Segal and Izraeli by introducing agglomeration economies, an upward-sloping labor supply function, and a change in the level of air pollution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of isolating the output of market goods and environmental goods within a common framework.     

《伦敦市长空气质量战略》与可持续改善城市空气质量

简单介绍伦敦市长空气质量战略的内容,从中借鉴出我国城市空气质量可持续改善的经验与措施:推行清洁汽车行动与清洁能源行动,大力发展城市公共交通。     

城市污水处理厂水样中菊酯类农药残留分析

建立了基于C18固相萃取柱和气相色谱/电子捕获(GC/ECD)分析水体中环境激素类物质——菊酯类农药的分析方法,并对方法的回收率、灵敏度进行了评价,同时分析了北京市高碑店、北小河两个城市污水处理厂进水与出水中菊酯类农药的浓度,研究发现在其废水中存在联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯,浓度在0.013~0.920μg/L之间。结果表明,曝气活性污泥法对菊酯类农药的去除效果较好。方法对菊酯类农药的回收率达到67.7%~96.2%,方法检测限为0.010~0.015μg/L。     

巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中生长条件优化研究

选用巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megatherium)作为实验菌种,以餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液为发酵培养基制作解磷液态菌肥。将巨大芽孢杆菌接种于餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中进行培养并确定最佳发酵时间,考察初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量和脱出液与水的混合比例对活菌数的影响。结果表明:巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中最佳发酵时间为36 h,发酵最佳初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量和脱出液与水的混合比例分别为7.5、2%、30℃、210 r/min、50 m L(250 m L锥形瓶)和1∶1。巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中进行培养后可达到农业部规定的液态菌肥的活菌数(2×108cfu/m L)标准。     

库尔勒市绿地系统综合效益分析

城市绿地系统是城市中一种特殊的生态系统。随着社会的发展，城市绿地系统的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益，对于改善和恢复城市地区的生态环境质量，美化社会环境，进而促进整个城市经济发展，起着越来越重要的作用。以库尔勒市为例，阐述了城市绿地的生态、经济、社会效益，针对库尔勒市绿地建设提出了几点方案。     

论城市环境基础设施市场化运营中的政府规制

本文分别从市场准入、价格、服务质量以及风险等方面，对城市环境基础设施市场化运营中的政府规制进行了具体分析。     

Dynamics of household energy consumption in a traditional African city, Ibadan

In the last three decades the Nigerian environment has experienced rapid degradation. A major contributory factor of this phenomenon is the pattern of socioeconomic development in the country that gives little or no consideration to environmental outcomes. An aspect of this development is the economic policy of removal of subsidies on petroleum products initiated in 1986 as a result of the worsening economic situation in the country which begun in the early 1980s. The result of this is that prices of commercial fuels inclusive of kerosene and LPG (cooking gas) have continued to rise beyond the reach of majority of the Nigerian population. The paper examines the effect of increasing prices of petroleum-derived energy sources on the pattern of energy use for cooking in low and middle-income households and the environmental implication in Ibadan, the largest truly indigenous urban centre in sub-Saharan Africa. Results show that prior to the further subsidy removal of 1993, majority of households sampled used kerosene for cooking. Thereafter, a complete or partial switch in the pattern of domestic energy consumption ensued with more households using fuel wood and other more polluting and less efficient energy sources for cooking. The paper recommends a transition towards more environmental friendly energy sources for household use.     

Improved quartz furnace method for chlorine and sulfur determination in municipal solid waste

 A method of determining the chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S) in municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied. The quartz furnace method was improved in two ways: recovery from ash by hot extraction with dilute nitric acid, and avoidance of the volatilization of alkali (earth) metal chlorides by setting the sample combustion temperature at 600°C. In a comparison with the bomb method, using nine sets of kitchen garbage and waste plastics, the bomb method yielded a 15%–25% lower value than the improved quartz furnace method. Combustion in the bomb was frequently incomplete, resulting in recovery losses of Cl and S. The average kitchen garbage involved 5.2 mg Cl/g, of which at least 24.1% would be converted to HCl. Plastics contained 23 mg Cl/g generating 88.1% HCl on average. In the same way, kitchen garbage contained 3.0 mg S/g, generating 52.3% SO _x , whereas plastics contained 1.1 mg S/g with 55.1% SO _x formation. Received: March 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 13, 2002     

河北省城市污水和工业废水处理情况简介

河北省河流污染主要来自城市生活污水和工业废水。河北省现有污水处理厂共有20座,日处理能力173.9万吨,处理率38％。省政府已出台政策,鼓励污水处理向企业化发展,吸纳社会资金,引进国外技术与资金。河北省年排放工业废水10.2亿吨,处理达标率80％,积极推行清洁生产,减少污染物的排放量,由末端治理走向全过程控制。