巢湖水华暴发期水-沉积物界面溶解性氮形态的变化

2008年4~10月,连续对巢湖8个样点进行采样,分析了上覆水和表层沉积物间隙水中溶解性氮形态在水华暴发过程中的变化,估算了水-沉积物界面无机氮的扩散通量.结果表明,上覆水中NH4+-N含量随水华暴发强度的增加而减小,溶解性总氮(DTN)含量在水华暴发后明显升高,而NO3--N含量只在水华暴发严重时才明显减少.在大规模水华暴发前(4~5月)上覆水中DTN的主要组成部分是NO3--N和NH4+-N,在水华暴发后则是溶解性有机氮(DON).间隙水中PDTN以NH4+-N为主,其浓度随温度的增加而升高; DON在水华暴发过程中呈先下降后上升的趋势.通量计算结果表明,沉积物作为NH4+-N的“源”一直由间隙水向上覆水释放,西半湖扩散通量在13.06~32.94mg/(m2·d)之间,东半湖扩散通量在4.54~17.41mg/(m2·d)之间.沉积物-水界面交换是湖泊营养盐重要的补充途径,为水华持续暴发提供营养来源.     

磺胺嘧啶胁迫下作物根际微生物群落结构响应

为了研究在磺胺类兽药胁迫下,两种作物在不同生长期根际微生物群落结构的响应,采用室内根际箱培养实验,测定玉米、小麦根际微界面土壤磷脂脂肪酸的量,研究在磺胺嘧啶（SD）胁迫下,不同作物根际土壤微界面微生物群落结构的空间变化.结果表明,SD对根际微生物活性的有抑制作用,且强度随浓度增加而增强.同一浓度SD作用下,根际微界面微生物生物量不同,在实验中,根际3mm和根室的微生物生物量最大,且二者之间差异不显著.不同微生物对根际效应敏感程度不同,细菌、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、蓝细菌和硫酸盐还原菌根际效应明显.在SD胁迫下,根际不同微界面土壤微生物群落结构变化明显.细菌、G⁺、G^-、放线菌的生物量,随SD浓度升高而下降,主要表现为抑制效应,而对真菌生物量则表现为激活效应,生物量增加. 小麦根际土壤真菌：细菌（F/B）随SD浓度的升高,比值增大,在高浓度（5mg/kg）胁迫下,F/B比值最大（0.74）,与对照差异显著（P < 0.05）,说明土壤污染修复能力增强,而sat/mono比值在高浓度SD胁迫下降低,说明微生物群落结构向有利于SD降解的方向转化.根际效应有助于SD的降解,在1mg/kg SD作用下,小麦根际土壤降解率为7.01%,而非根际土壤降解率仅为2.49%,不同作物表现出的根际效应强弱不同,玉米根际效应强于小麦.     

环境科学的非线性理论及其意义

在前人和本课题研究成果的基础上,通过综合分析和理论推断,提出了环境科学的非线性理论概念,并以若干实测阐述了非线性理论在环境科学研究和污染控制中的推导意义。     

The wild ancestors of domestic animals as a neglected and threatened component of biodiversity

Domestic animals have immense economic, cultural, and practical value and have played pivotal roles in the development of human civilization. Many domesticates have, among their wild relatives, undomesticated forms representative of their ancestors. Resurgent interest in these ancestral forms has highlighted the unclear genetic status of many, and some are threatened with extinction by hybridization with domestic conspecifics. We considered the contemporary status of these ancestral forms relative to their scientific, practical, and ecological importance; the varied impacts of wild–domestic hybridization; and the challenges and potential resolutions involved in conservation efforts. Identifying and conserving ancestral forms, particularly with respect to disentangling patterns of gene flow from domesticates, is complex because of the lack of available genomic and phenotypic baselines. Comparative behavioral, ecological, and genetic studies of ancestral-type, feral, and domestic animals should be prioritized to establish the contemporary status of the former. Such baseline information will be fundamental in ensuring successful conservation efforts.