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991.
Z.R. Wang M.Y. Pan J.C. Jiang 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):1094-1099
Gas explosion in connected vessels usually leads to high pressure and high rate of pressure increase which the vessels and pipes can not tolerate. Severe human casualties and property losses may occur due to the variation characteristics of gas explosion pressure in connected vessels. To determine gas explosion strength, an experimental testing system for methane and air mixture explosion in a single vessel, in a single vessel connected a pipe and in connected vessels has been set up. The experiment apparatus consisted of two spherical vessels of 350 mm and 600 mm in diameter, three connecting pipes of 89 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. First, the results of gas explosion pressure in a single vessel and connected vessels were compared and analyzed. And then the development of gas explosion, its changing characteristics and relevant influencing factors were analyzed. When gas explosion occurs in a single vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and pressure growth rate with ignition at the center of a spherical vessel are higher than those with ignition on the inner-wall of the vessel. In conclusion, besides ignition source on the inner wall, the ignition source at the center of the vessels must be avoided to reduce the damage level. When the gas mixture is ignited in the large vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and explosion pressure rising rate in the small vessel raise. And the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rising rate in connected vessels are higher than those in the single containment vessel. So whenever possible, some isolation techniques, such as fast-acting valves, rotary valves, etc., might be applied to reduce explosion strength in the integrated system. However, when the gas mixture is ignited in the small vessel, the maximum explosion pressures in the large vessel and in the small vessel both decrease. Moreover, the explosion pressure is lower than that in the single vessel. When gas explosion happens in a single vessel connected to a pipe, the maximum explosion pressure occurs at the end of the pipe if the gas mixture is ignited in the spherical vessel. Therefore, installing a pipe into the system can reduce the maximum explosion pressure, but it also causes the explosion pressure growth rate to increase. 相似文献
992.
Frank Riedewald Edmond Byrne 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):968-973
In a bulk chemical plant producing resins, a flashback from an incinerator through the vent system into the reactor hall occurred during commissioning of a newly installed vent header system. The original design of the vent header system was seriously flawed not being in line with current practice. Subsequently the vent header was re-designed into a rich/lean vent header system. This paper explores the reasons behind a number of incidents and near misses that occurred during both the commissioning of a vent header system and its recommissioning following system re-design. Furthermore, it reflects on some broader implications for approaches to safety around what can be recognised as complex socio-technical systems. 相似文献
993.
Accurate determination of explosion severity parameters (pmax, (dp/dt)max, and KSt) is essential for dust explosion assessment, identification of mitigation strategy, and design of mitigation measure of proper capacity. The explosion severity parameters are determined according to standard methodology however variety of dust handled and operation circumstances may create practical challenge on the optimal test method and subsequent data interpretation. Two methods are presented: a statistical method, which considers all test results in determination of explosion severity parameters and a method that corrects the results for differences of turbulence intensity. The statistical method also calculates experimental error (uncertainty) that characterises the experimental spread, allows comparison to other dust samples and may define quality determination threshold. The correction method allows to reduce discrepancies between results from 1 m3 vessel and 20-l sphere caused by difference in the turbulence intensity level. Additionally new experimental test method for difficult to inject samples together with its analysis is described. Such method is a versatile tool for explosion interpretation in test cases where different dispersion nozzle is used (various turbulence level in the test chamber) because of either specific test requirements or being “difficult dust sample”. 相似文献
994.
天燃气安全不仅仅局限在企业内部,而是面向全社会,关系到社会稳定和市民生命财产安全。随着天然气市场开拓和广泛利用,庞大的管网系统和多样的用气环境给安全工作提出了更高的要求。采用理论分析、实验研究相结合的方法研究了管道内天然气爆炸火焰及压力波的传播规律。应用直径为700mm,长度为93m的管道进行了三次天然气爆炸传播实验。得出爆源点最大压力值并不是整个爆炸过程的最大值;压力波最大压力值在爆源点附近先降低,然后上升到某一峰值之后再逐渐衰减;最大压力值在衰减过程中不是单调衰减,有点起伏;随着天然气浓度的增大,其爆炸平均升压速率反而减小;随着天然气浓度的增大,其爆炸平均升压速率反而在减小;爆源附近火焰传播速度较小,上升到某一峰值后逐渐衰减。 相似文献
995.
本文采用s0Mworks、ANSyS/Workbench、LS—DYNA等软件对常温裸形的液氨罐车进行了碰撞仿真研究,获得了多种情形下罐车的碰撞性能,为以后展开实车碰撞提供了重要的技术支撑。 相似文献
996.
瓦斯压力测定时间及其受控因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提前掌握瓦斯压力测定所需时间,对准确高效地测定煤层瓦斯压力非常重要。以被动式岩巷测压为例,在初步分析测压钻孔周围煤体初始瓦斯压力分布规律、游离瓦斯与吸附瓦斯的关系、瓦斯流量衰减规律及瓦斯流场平衡条件的基础上,从理论上推导出瓦斯压力测定时间计算公式。将该公式与现场瓦斯压力测定监测数据进行对比分析,并研究瓦斯压力测定时间的影响因素。结果表明,理论分析结果与现场瓦斯压力测定情况基本一致,测压时间的误差仅为6%;改变测压钻孔初始气体压力(主动式测压)是唯一有实用价值的方法。 相似文献
997.
为研究动载下高密度全尾砂胶结充填体(HTB)的稳定性,制备直径为50 mm×25 mm的HTB试件,进行静态单轴压缩试验。首次采用分离式霍普金森杆(SHPB)装置研究HTB的动态力学性质,通过观察冲击试验后试件的破坏程度,来评判高应变率下试件的稳定性。结果表明:HTB试件波阻抗较小,对弹性应力波传播有较强的阻尼作用;在冲击载荷下,试件最大应变率可达305 s-1,动态抗压强度随着应变率的增加而增大,最大动态抗压强度为17 MPa;HTB试件的稳定性与应变率密切相关,当应变率低于10 s-1时,试件稳定性较好;当应变率为10~39 s-1时,试件产生一定的损伤裂纹,但尚有一定的残余强度;当应变率大于39 s-1时,试件完全失稳。 相似文献
998.
为了更好地认识和防治煤与瓦斯突出,利用扫描电子显微镜和静态液氮吸附仪研究一种构造软煤的微孔结构特征,同时利用自主搭建的大型石门揭煤相似模拟试验系统,研究石门揭露构造软煤过程中瓦斯压力的变化规律。在试验研究的基础上,分析构造软煤的微孔特性对瓦斯赋存的影响,以及瓦斯在石门揭露构造软煤诱发煤与瓦斯突出中的作用。通过试验得出:构造软煤的结构破坏严重,微孔发育并且为特殊瓶颈的不透气孔,为瓦斯的赋存提供了极为有利的条件;瓦斯在突出的启动和发展过程中起重要作用,即在瓦斯压力突然降低、释放膨胀潜能时,瓦斯压力作为动力来源,加速了煤体向采掘空间抛出的过程。 相似文献
999.
目前,外浮顶储罐的火灾报警系统是采用光纤光栅火灾报警系统。但是,考虑到光纤光栅火灾报警运行费用高和存在报警盲目的缺点,研制了基于气压监测的外浮顶储罐火灾报警系统。针对不同型号的感温探头,开展了火灾报警系统火灾报警响应时间和报警温度实验,分析了火焰距离、热熔管管径以及管壁厚度与对火灾报警响应时间和报警温度的影响。实验结果表明:随着火焰距离的增大,报警响应时间增长;相同火焰距离条件下,随着感温热熔管直径的增大,报警响应时间增长,报警温度升高。Φ6热熔管的火灾报警温度为116.8℃,Φ8热熔管的火灾报警温度为129.1℃,Φ10热熔管的火灾报警温度为156.7℃。 相似文献
1000.
900m水平似上采空区回收矿柱及900 m水平以下的巷道掘进或矿房开采时经常发生岩爆.为了安全、经济地回收矿柱并实施深部开采,在数值分析的基础上,提出了一种急倾斜矿体的采空区处理与卸压开采方法,并用ANSYS数值模拟确定了采空区处理及卸压开采的施工参数.结果表明,在下盘脉外巷道离采空区边缘的水平距离为10 m时,上盘脉外巷道离采空区边缘的水平距离取20m;在巷道底板隔断开采的深度不超过20m;必须从上、下盘脉外巷道同时向采空区围岩实施V型松动爆破;可只在上盘巷道底板进行隔断开采.该采空区处理与卸压开采方法技术可行、经济合理、简便适用.当地表允许岩体移动时这种新方法适合急倾斜、厚度大矿体的采空区处理与卸压开采;如果地表不许可岩体移动,使用这种新方法是不合适的.该采空区处理与卸压开采方法是一种采空区处理的联合法.它能够用工程爆破这一种手段实现采空区处理、应力向有利于安全生产的方向转移等多种目的. 相似文献