混合质量阻尼器(HMD)抗震控制研究

建筑物的倒塌是地震造成破坏的主要形式之一 ,它导致大量的人员和财产损失。不断改进建筑物的抗震设计方法是传统的抗震减灾措施。随着结构振动控制领域的不断发展 ,它为建筑抗震减灾提供了一个新的途径。根据建筑结构抗震设计“三水准”的设防准则 ,混合质量阻尼器 (HybridMassDamper ,HMD)被应用于建筑抗震减灾中 ,对于发生频度较高的低烈度地震 ,主要通过调谐质量阻尼器 (TunedMassDamper ,TMD)控制结构的振动 ;而当发生烈度较高的地震或TMD不能满足控制目标要求时 ,启动作动器施加主动控制力 ,用主动控制力驱动TMD的附加质量块 ,提供给主结构更大的控制力 ,把TMD转化为主动质量阻尼器 (ActiveMassDemper ,AMD) ,取得预期的控制效果。理论分析和仿真计算表明 ,HMD适用地震激励的范围广 ,控制效果显著     

A methodology for assessment of long-term exposure to whole-body vibrations in vehicle drivers to propose preventive safety measures

Introduction: The appearance of musculoskeletal disorders (MDs) in professional drivers due to exposition to whole-body vibration (WBV) makes it relevant to assess this exposure. The European Directive 2002/44/EC has two methods to evaluate exposure to WBV (defined in ISO2631-1:2008). These methods evaluate the exposure associated with an 8-hour working day; however, MDs due to WBV could also be caused by accumulated exposure to vibrations over long term, and hence, the methods defined in the European directive may be limited in their ability to ensure the safety of workers exposed to WBV throughout their years of employment. Method: A detailed comparison and discussion of methods defined in the European Directive and the ISO2631-5:2018 was used as a starting point of the main results of this paper. On this basis, a new methodology for the management and organization of preventive measures is proposed to consider the assessment of ISO2631-5:2018 standard and the full working life of workers. Experimental data to assess exposure to WBV in heavy equipment vehicle (HEV) drivers under different road surface conditions and range of velocities were considered to illustrate the process of the proposed methodology. Results: The methods defined in the standards provide different assessments leading to a different possible consideration of safe operations when the risks associated with them may actually be high. The proposed methodology can be used with the aim of ensuring safety of workers throughout their working lives and providing an easy implementation of the calculations of ISO2631-5:2018 standard. Conclusions: A procedure to assess the health risk probability to which the HEV worker is exposed in terms of the exposure years and a different range of operational vehicle speeds is proposed and exemplified with a study case. Practical applications: This study provides a practical tool for the management of WBV exposure related to work-tasks in HEV drivers. Safety managers should consider the global exposition to WBV throughout their working life, and this research provides an easy tool to accomplish it.     

计算机硬盘驱动器的振动安全性分析

硬盘驱动器是计算机重要的外存储设备。它对随机振动环境较为敏感 ,是控制计算机系统工作安全性和进行信息处理的薄弱环节之一。笔者对计算机硬盘驱动器在随机振动环境下的工作安全性进行了分析 ,提出了导致硬盘工作失效的基本形式 ,针对读写过程中头盘振动响应位置偏移与读写模式间的关系给出了硬盘工作失效的判定方法。有关结果对计算机系统的振动安全分析和评估是有益的探讨。     

A GIS-based approach for the screening assessment of noise and vibration impacts from transit projects

Urban transportation projects are essential in increasing the efficiency of moving people and goods within a city, and between cities. Environmental impacts from such projects must be evaluated and mitigated, as applicable. Spatial modeling is a valuable tool for quantifying the potential level of environmental consequences within the context of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) study. This paper presents a GIS-based tool for the assessment of airborne-noise and ground-borne vibration from public transit systems, and its application to an actual project. The tool is based on the US Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) approach, and incorporates spatial information, satellite imaging, geostatistical modeling, and software programming. The tool is applied on a case study of initial environmental evaluation of a light rail transit project in an urban city in the Middle East, to evaluate alternative layouts. The tool readily allowed the alternative evaluation and the results were used as input to a multi-criteria analytic framework.     

城市轨道交通地下线引起的环境振动影响因素研究

随着城市的发展,轨道交通在各大城市中得到迅速发展,但与之相伴的环境振动问题也日益突显.为研究城市轨道交通地下线列车运行速度、线路条件、减振措施等运营条件对环境振动影响,在某地铁线路隧道内进行了环境振动源强测试.结果表明,隧道壁源强位置处Z振级随着速度的增加而增大,列车通过速度在57～75 km/h变化时,列车速度每增加...     

拉曼光谱在比较水中杂质浓度的研究

为了比较不同水样品中所含杂质浓度的相对大小,运用激光拉曼光谱的分析方法,测量了四种不同水样品的激光拉曼光谱,同时还测量了蒸馏水的激光拉曼光谱.计算了它们的弯曲振动强度与伸缩振动强度之比,并对测量和计算结果进行了比较和分析.结果表明,水中所舍杂质浓度的相对大小不仅可以从其拉曼谱杂峰和毛刺的多少做定性比较,而且还可以从弯曲振动强度与伸缩振动强度的比值的相对大小做定量比较.这为水质分析提供了新的有效途径.     

多轴向多激励振动技术

结合美国专家关于多轴向多激励振动系统的观点，论述了多轴向多激励振动的基本原理、简介了其发展过程，阐述了其技术现状，最后谈了几点看法。     

广州市地铁一号线振动传播对环境影响的测定与分析

通过对广州地铁一号线沿线地上66个截面，地下10个截面的振动测试，对不同的隧道截面形状给出不同的地表面振动传播公式，公式表明地面振动Z振级由振源振动，地质条件，列车运行速度，轨道平面曲率半径及测点至隧道侧壁距离等因素决定。     

气泡帷幕减弱水中冲击波强度的研究

通过对水中冲击波与气泡相互作用过程的诸现象进行分析,从能量变化角度探讨了气泡帷幕衰减水中冲击波的最佳方式。通过对水中冲击波引起挡水坞门振动的安全监测及频谱分析,讨论了挡水坞门不同方向上振动参量的变化规律。     

筛选试验中振动应力量值剪裁方法

目前,筛选试验中振动应力量值选取大多采用GJB推荐值,而不同产品有其不同动力学特性,从而很难保证各类产品都达到强筛选效果.针对这种不足,本文提出一种根据产品实测响应而确定振动量级的新方法,并以电子组件为例,给出具体的实施方法及操作过程中诸多问题的解决办法.实践证明本方法具有推广价值.