入世十年我国对外贸易的宏观环境影响研究

入世十年来,我国对外贸易迅猛发展,贸易价值量取得巨大顺差,但其背后却孕育着巨大的资源环境逆差。本文通过建立贸易的环境核算方法,运用我国"能源-经济-环境"投入-产出及CGE模型分析了2002、2005、2007年的投入产出表,对进出口产品虚拟污染物进行定量核算,衡量入世十年我国对外贸易的宏观环境影响。研究表明,入世十年来,我国净出口产品虚拟SO2排放约占全国排放总量的1/4;净出口产品虚拟CO2排放占全国排放总量超过30%;净出口产品COD排放占全国排放总量的20%以上。在不采取其他措施的情况下,我国在未来20年仍将处于巨大的贸易环境逆差之中。     

基于Blender的矿山虚拟现实快速构建与实现

为了实现矿山三维实体模型和虚拟现实的快速搭建与实现,分析了当前数字化矿山建模可移植性差、扩展性不灵活、开发难度大的缺陷 ,提出了一种矿山三维模型及虚拟现实体系的自动构建方法:基于Blender开源软件提供的建模平台,利用Python语言编写矿山实体的表达方法 与生成算法;利用矿山基础信息,实现了对矿山井巷、矿体等三维实体模型的自动、快速构建,并以矿山井巷工程、矿体以及地表模型等实体 模型的构建为例进行了演示;利用Blender脚本实现对三维实体模型的快速渲染,初步建立了矿山虚拟现实环境与仿真系统,并利用驱动内核实 现虚拟情景的演示。结果表明,该方法具有开发快捷、要求低等特点,为数字化矿山建设提供了一种新的思路。     

Assembly operator training and process planning via virtual systems

In this paper, we present an integrated intuitive system for assembly operators training and assembly process planning by combining virtual reality with motion-tracking technologies. The developed conceptual prototype for assembly planning and training enables individuals to interact with a virtual environment in real time. It extends the new technologies of motion tracking and integrates them with virtual environment technologies to create real-time virtual work cell simulations in which assembly operators may be immersed with hands-on experiences. In addition to operators training, the experimental results to date are presented to demonstrate the potential contributions of human skills in achieving effective assembly planning including disassembly operations. It is expected that this approach will lead to environment-friendly and sustainable operations by conserving energy and cost that are first tested in a human-emerged virtual system.     

Phony Facts and Eco-media: Fake Nature and the Call for Widespread Media Literacy

ABSTRACT

Mermaids: The Body Found privileges mythologized creatures in a fictional narrative disguised as a documentary film in order to blur the boundaries between fact and fiction. This franchise’s decisions to value factors of entertainment over educational material are not uncommon in our consumer-driven society, but the film's engagement with fake fact media potentially repositions how audiences think about important conservation issues by overshadowing critical oceanic environmental topics with fake facts. Although today’s viewers are adept in interpreting media, the mermaid franchise’s use of screen genres, corporate websites, and social media saturates viewers with fake facts making it difficult to delineate between authentic science and fictional narrative. Not a quantitative reception study of audiences, this critical analysis of multiple genres of eco-media examines the difference between fake nature documentary and other types of animal programming and mockumentaries emphasizing that the issue is not strictly a question of entertainment factors or even of the subversion of fact and fiction, alone, but that the real issue lies in the franchise’s willingness to participate in an ever-growing media moment in which programming based on fake and alternative facts has the potential to impact how the public thinks about key issues in politics and science.     

The real water consumption behind drinking water: the case of Italy

The real amount of drinking water available per capita is a topic of great interest for human health and the economic and political management of resources. The global market of bottled drinking water, for instance, has shown exponential growth in the last twenty years, mainly due to reductions in production costs and investment in promotion. This paper aims to evaluate how much freshwater is actually consumed when water is drunk in Italy, which can be considered a mature bottled-water market. A Water Footprint (WF) calculation was used to compare the alternatives: bottled and tap water. Six Italian brands of water sold in PET bottles were inventoried, analysed and compared with the public tap water of the city of Siena, as representative of the Italian context. Results showed that more than 3 L of water were needed to provide consumers with 1.50 L of drinking water. In particular, a volume of 1.50 L of PET-bottled water required an extra virtual volume of 1.93 L of water while an extra 2.13 L was necessary to supply the same volume of tap water. These values had very different composition and origin. The WF of tap water was mainly due to losses of water during pipeline distribution and usage, while WF of bottled water was greatly influenced by the production of plastic materials. When the contribution of cooling water was added to the calculation, the WF of bottled water rose from 3.43 to 6.92 L. Different strategies to reduce total water footprint are discussed.     

虚拟现实及其在粉尘扩散研究中的应用

探讨了国际上流行的虚拟现实技术 ,并针对大气中粉尘扩散的规律 ,以相关数学模型为基础 ,采用 Open GL开发了可精确地调整流场参数和观察视角的粉尘扩散三维动态场景 ,以及在重力、风速等影响因素和射流作用下粉尘扩散的三维场景。该方法为更好地掌握粉尘扩散规律 ,寻求合理预防措施提供了科学依据。此项技术在安全科学的其它领域也有很好的应用前景     

城市水资源社会再生能力评价模型研究

为了在城市水资源评价过程中充分考虑城市水资源的社会循环，更好地揭示城市水资源开发利用的潜力，提出了城市水资源社会再生能力概念，并分别建立了城市水资源社会绝对再生能力与相对再生能力的评价指标体系；在此基础上，建立了一种全新的城市水资源评价模型——基于人工神经网络的城市水资源社会再生能力评价模型．该模型在构造评价标准的过程中，通过“虚拟城市”构造模型训练样本；由此将评价问题转化成人工神经网络所擅长的分类问题，并赋予评价结果实际的内涵，使得评价结果更直观且更易于理解．最后，以黄河流域的主要城市为研究对象，对其绝对水资源再生能力与相对水资源再生能力分别进行评价；并与传统的灰色关联方法进行对比；评价结果与实际相吻合。     

法兰类件虚拟制造系统

将自行研制的法兰类件温精锻成形过程计算机仿真系统与CAD／CAM软件Cimatronit结合,研究出法兰类件虚拟制造系统。系统重点论述了影响精度的几个方面。     

基于虚拟现实技术的隧道火灾应急培训系统构建和研究

为了解决现实中隧道火灾应急救援演练成本高、危险性大、适应能力弱的问题,基于建构主义安全培训理论,以3Dmax和Unity3D为技术手段,构建隧道火灾应急救援培训系统。系统功能下设体验模式、训练模式和底层模式,对应开发6个培训模块和15个场景科目,实现在高沉浸性的虚拟环境中对隧道救援人员、管理人员进行火灾应急培训。研究结果表明:该系统可以提高人员参加应急救援演练的积极性,降低应急演练成本,使学员在安全真实的虚拟环境中熟悉救援设备使用方法,增强学员处理事故场景的能力。     

真实世界和虚拟场景下行人绕障的实验研究

为了研究利用虚拟现实开展行人疏散实验的有效性以及虚拟场景里不同控制方式的优劣,开展了真实世界与三种不同控制方式(头显-鼠标(HM)、鼠标-鼠标(MM)、键盘-鼠标(KM))下虚拟场景的绕障实验。分析并比较了平均轨迹、绕障距离、绕障起始时间以及归一化时间下的横向距离。实验结果表明,当横向坐标小于1 m时,虚拟场景与真实世界实验平均轨迹的差值在10 cm之内。平均轨迹、绕障距离、绕障起始时间方面,HM更接近真实世界实验;归一化时间下的横向距离方面,MM更接近真实世界实验。