乌海市污染源在线监控系统应用现状及对策研究

本文结合乌海市污染源在线监控系统的日常管理工作实践,分析总结了乌海市污染源在线监控系统的安装、运行管理现状及存在的问题与不足并提出了相应的对策及建议。     

工业企业厂界环境噪声监测中的问题探讨

《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》(GB12348-2008)自2008年10月1日起正式实施。本文主要通过一些工业企业厂界噪声监测的实例,探讨了在该标准实施过程中遇到的问题,并提出了解决有关争议问题的改进方法和建议。     

Escherichia coli inactivation by pressurized CO2 treatment methods at room temperature: Critical issues

This study aims to increase the inactivation efficiency of CO_2 against Escherichia coli under mild conditions to facilitate the application of pressurized CO_2 technology in water disinfection. Based on an aerating-cycling apparatus, three different treatment methods(continuous aeration, continuous reflux, and simultaneous aeration and reflux) were compared for the same temperature, pressure(0.3–0.7 MPa), initial concentration, and exposure time(25 min). The simultaneous aeration and reflux treatment(combined method) was shown to be the best method under optimum conditions, which were determined to be 0.7 MPa, room temperature, and an exposure time of 10 min. This treatment achieved 5.1-log reduction after 25 min of treatment at the pressure of 0.3 MPa and 5.73-log reduction after 10 min at 0.7 MPa. Log reductions of 4.4 and 5.0 occurred at the end of continuous aeration and continuous reflux treatments at 0.7 MPa, respectively.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images suggested that cells were ruptured after the simultaneous aeration and reflux treatment and the continuous reflux treatment. The increase of the solubilization rate of CO_2 due to intense hydraulic conditions led to a rapid inactivation effect. It was found that the reduction of intracellular p H caused by CO_2 led to a more lethal bactericidal effect.     

地表水环境监测进展与问题分析

地表水环境的质量监测对我国水环境保护工作具有非常重要的作用,同时对我国的经济发展有着深远的影响。随着我国经济的快速发展,我国水环境监测工作有了较大的发展,但是在仪器更新、分析能力等方面还存在一系列的问题,本文对地表水环境监测的进展进行了阐述,并分析了水环境监测中存在的问题。     

水资源环境承载能力监测预警平台设计探讨

建立水资源环境承载力监测预警平台与机制,是实现我国环境管理战略由以环境污染控制为目标导向,向以环境质量改善为目标导向彻底转变的重要支撑手段。以水资源环境承载力领域的相关研究进展为基础,提出水资源环境承载力监控预警平台的设计框架,平台设计的逻辑结构、核心功能以及相对应的水资源环境承载力评估技术,并对该平台建设的困难、问题及未来的发展趋势进行了分析,以期为水资源环境承载能力监测预警机制建设提供有益的参考。     

东太湖渔业发展对水环境的影响及其生态对策

东太湖网围养殖始于1984．至今养殖面积达3200hm^2。占东太湖面积的24％以上。网围养殖的盲目发展带来了湖泊的水质污染．沼泽化等环境问题。为保护东太湖水域环境。必须明确湖泊功能定位。减少湖泊污染源。并在此基础上进行人工调控．合理放养。完善湖泊生态系统结构。针对东太湖水生植被退化的趋势。应恢复和加强对优质水生植被的保护。促进湖泊生物多样性。恢复其良性生态。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定水中铅的不确定度评定

对GB/T 7475-1987《水质铜、铅、锌、镉的测定》〔1〕原子吸收分光光度法测定水中铅的测量不确定度进行了评定。通过测量重复性、滴定管、移液管、标准溶液浓度等影响测量结果的不确定度分量的分析和量化,求得水中铅测定结果的相对合成标准不确定度。     

北京市不同尺度大气颗粒物元素组成的特征分析

在2000年2个典型季节分别采集不同尺度的颗粒物样品,分析其中22种无机元素的含量.利用这些数据较详细地研究了北京市颗粒物的元素组成特征.数据分析结果表明,北京市大气颗粒物中的元素主要分为地壳元素、污染元素和双重元素三大类.利用不同污染元素在各种尺度颗粒物中的富集因子,确定了北京市大气颗粒物具有复合型污染的特征.      

An assessment of historical change in two northern Minnesota lakes

Two northern Minnesota lakes that had been studied in detail 22 years earlier (1958) were restudied to determine the extent of alteration in ecological conditions. Approximately one year after the original investigation, a coal-fired power plant, which incremented sulfate loading by about 6 kg/ha-yr, began operation nine miles away. These lakes lie within a region judged susceptible to acidic precipitation, though each lake, based on its buffering capacity, would be judged only moderately sensitive. In spite of the influence of this plant and other anthropogenic inputs, the change in lake ecology was apparently minimal. Water clarity decreased in both lakes and some alteration in zooplankton community structure was observed. The long-term utility of lake surveys depends upon how carefully and completely conditions can be reconstructed from records and reports. Past surveys generally omit measures of variability for the data, allowing only qualitative comparisons to be drawn. In order to judge the graded responses of aquatic ecosystems, necessary to sound management, quantitative measures are needed.Deceased.     

水质自动监测系统的质量控制和质量保证

本文针对水质自动站的质量控制和质量保证的要求,并依据国家老口水质自动站的工作提出一些看法和观点。