Formation control of bromate and trihalomethanes during ozonation of bromide-containing water with chemical addition: Hydrogen peroxide or ammonia?

To ensure the safety of drinking water, ozone (O₃) has been extensively applied in drinking water treatment plants to further remove natural organic matter (NOM). However, the surface water and groundwater near the coastal areas often contain high concentrations of bromide ion (Br^?). Considering the risk of bromate (BrO₃^?) formation in ozonation of the sand-filtered water, the inhibitory efficiencies of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and ammonia (NH₃) on BrO₃^? formation during ozonation process were compared. The addition of H₂O₂ effectively inhibited BrO₃^? formation at an initial Br^? concentration amended to 350 µg/L. The inhibition efficiencies reached 59.6 and 100% when the mass ratio of H₂O₂/O₃ was 0.25 and > 0.5, respectively. The UV₂₅₄ and total organic carbon (TOC) also decreased after adding H₂O₂, while the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMsFP) increased especially in subsequent chlorination process at a low dose of H₂O₂. To control the formation of both BrO₃^? and THMs, a relatively large dose of O₃ and a high ratio of H₂O₂/O₃were generally needed. NH₃ addition inhibited BrO₃^? formation when the background ammonia nitrogen (NH₃N) concentration was low. There was no significant correlation between BrO₃^? inhibition efficiency and NH₃ dose, and a small amount of NH₃N (0.2 mg/L) could obviously inhibit BrO₃^? formation. The oxidation of NOM seemed unaffected by NH₃ addition, and the structure of NOM reflected by synchronous fluorescence (SF) scanning remained almost unchanged before and after adding NH₃. Considering the formation of BrO₃^? and THMs, the optimal dose of NH₃ was suggested to be 0.5 mg/L.     

不同离子在CCl4引发自由基反应中的作用及其环境生物学意义

报道了一种简便的ＣＣ１４体外引发自由基反应的模型，以小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的ＯＤ５３２ｍｍ值（ＭＤＡ－ＯＤ５３２ｍｍ）作为测定自由基反应的间接指标，研究了Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｍｎ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、ＳｅＯ３＾２－等离子和Ｓs２Ｏ３水溶液在ＣＣ１４引发自由基反应体系中的作用。结果表明：Ｍn＾２＋能显著抑制自由基的生成，Ｃr＾３＋有一定的抑制作用，而ＨgＴ＾２＋对自由基产生有明显促进     

水泥池高密度养殖鳗鲡水环境的调查

通过对两个养鳗场的水源和三口池的水环境理化因子的周年监测，表明水源pH值、总碱度、S‰、COD、NO^-2N、NH3－N含量，地下水地匀较水库水低且稳定，养殖池水中央水质劣于跑道，池塘水质优劣与养殖管理方法密切要关。     

中国生态工业园区的发展与立法促进

生态工业园区顺应了时代关于经济发展与环境保护的双向要求,成为区域经济发展的新型模式.生态工业园区在全球范围内兴起并迅速发展,中国的生态工业园区也在如火如荼的进行着.为了促进和保障园区的健康发展,为其量身定做法制外衣的需求也日渐强烈.通过分析法律制度对工业园区发展所能起到的积极作用,得出对生态工业园区立法的必要性;通过对现有法律制度的分析,得出为其立法的现实可行性,并最终得出,需要对生态工业园区进行立法的结论性建议.     

电子废弃物的污染及其回收利用对策

"电子废弃物"(E-waste或Waste from Electronics and Electronic Equipment),又称为"电子垃圾",电子电器产品在达到使用寿命后就报废成为了电子废弃物.随着信息产业的飞速发展和电子电器设备的广泛运用,电子废弃物成为世界上增长最快的垃圾.发达国家经济水平高,电子电器产业起步早,更早的面对了电子废弃物所带来的环境资源问题,为了使电子废弃物的回收和再利用取得良好的效果,必须结合中国国情,在国策、法律、制度、技术和管理等方面进行深入细致的研究,开发电子垃圾处理的新领域.结合国外废旧电子、电器产品回收处理政策及技术对中国废旧电子、电器产品回收处理提出了意见和建议.     

测量不确定度在空气自动监测中的应用

根据测量原理建立数学模型，分析各种不确定分量的来源，评定标准不确定度，确定合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。通过不确定影响分量的分析，找出最大不确定分量，重点控制其分量，可保证测量的准确性和精度，也可通过重新评估显著性不确定分量，找出方法存在的不足和问题，提出控制不确定分量的步骤和方法，改善测量方法和手段提高测量准确性和精度。     

Microbiological quality of roof tank water in an urban village in southeastern China

Urban villages are unique residential neighborhoods in urban areas in China. Roof tanks are their main form of water supply, and water quality deterioration might occur in this system because of poor hygienic conditions and maintenance. In this study, water samples were seasonally collected from an urban village to investigate the influence of roof tanks as an additional water storage device on the variation in the microbial community structure and pathogenic gene markers. Water stagnation in th...     

汽流喷雾干燥法在中小型锅炉烟气脱硫中的应用

本文以４ｔ链条炉为对象，介绍了汽流喷雾干燥法中在小型锅炉烟气脱硫中的应用，着重分析了汽流式雾化器，气体分布器，脱硫搭及相配套的设备，确定了最佳操作条件。     

Features and mechanism for coagulation - flocculationprocesses of polyaluminum chloride

Ｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｆｏｒｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ－ｆｌｏｃｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｏｆｐｏｌｙａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅＴａｎｇＨｏｎｇｘｉａｏ；ＬｕａｎＺｈａｏｋｕｎ（ＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＥｎ...     

沈阳市地下水监测点优选方法研究

本文针对沈阳市地下水监测点优选方法进行研究.采用聚类分析划分污染类型,应用模糊数学划分污染程度,运用环境地质学原理和地质制图技术及数学方法绘制出相应图件,两图叠加形成块段,从中优选出监测点.