基于中线调水的襄阳市水资源承载力研究

以汉江中游襄阳市为研究对象,在分析襄阳市自然地理和社会经济条件的基础上,构建反映区域水资源承载力水平的评价指标体系,由17项指标组成,利用向量模法对襄阳市2000—2012年的水资源承载力进行现实评价。结果显示,期间襄阳市水资源承载力评价值维持在0.2939~0.4114,属于较弱承载力,但有不断改善的趋势。随着2014年中线工程首次实现调水,汉江下泄水量减少,其水资源供需矛盾将更加突出。研究结果对于襄阳市科学合理地开发利用水资源、加强生态环境建设,以减小调水带来的不利影响,具有一定的理论参考价值和实践指导意义。     

Forecasting of dissolved oxygen in the Guanting reservoir using an optimized NGBM (1,1) model

An optimized nonlinear grey Bernoulli model was proposed by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the parameter optimization problem. In addition, each item in the first-order accumulated generating sequence was set in turn as an initial condition to determine which alternative would yield the highest forecasting accuracy. To test the forecasting performance, the optimized models with different initial conditions were then used to simulate dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Guanting reservoir inlet and outlet (China). The empirical results show that the optimized model can remarkably improve forecasting accuracy, and the particle swarm optimization technique is a good tool to solve parameter optimization problems. What's more, the optimized model with an initial condition that performs well in in-sample simulation may not do as well as in out-of-sample forecasting.     

Rice: Reducing arsenic content by controlling water irrigation

<正>Arsenic has long been recognized as a poison.Arsenic in water supplies that are used for both drinking and crop irrigation can expose many people chronically to elevated levels of arsenic.The main health concern for chronic exposure to arsenic is the development of cancer.Although the World Health Organization(WHO)recommends that total arsenic in drinking water should be under 10μg/L(or 10 ppb),(WHO,2011),some regions     

水葫芦在水生态修复中的研究进展

水葫芦是水生态修复中研究最早和最深入的水生植物之一.在此,归纳了国内外近年来水葫芦在水生态修复中的3个主要研究方向:净化水体能力与净化机理、控制水葫芦疯长和资源化利用本葫芦.探讨了水葫芦净化系统在水体修复中的合理位置:天然水体的生态修复、水葫芦与污水处理工艺的组合、低浓度生活污水和雨水处理等.最后展望了水葫芦在水体生态修复中未来的研究方向.     

湖北省再生资源回收利用现状的调查研究与相关政策建议

通过对湖北省再生资源回收利用现状进行实地和问卷调查,描述了湖北省再生资源回收利用现状;分析存在的问题及成因;并提出了相应的改进措施与建议,促进再生资源行业的快速健康发展;为湖北省建设节约型社会加快发展循环经济提供依据。     

Evaluation of natural goethite on the removal of arsenate and selenite from water

Elevated arsenic and selenium concentrations in water cause health problems to both humans and wildlife. Natural and anthropogenic activities have caused contamination of these elements in waters worldwide, making the development of efficient cost-effective methods in their removal essential. In this work, removal of arsenate and selenite from water by adsorption onto a natural goethite(α-FeO OH) sample was studied at varying conditions. The data was then compared with other arsenate, selenite/goethite adsorption systems as much of literature shows discrepancies due to varying adsorption conditions. Characterization of the goethite was completed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. Pseudo-first order(PFO) and pseudo-second order(PSO) kinetic models were applied; including comparisons of different regression methods. Various adsorption isotherm models were applied to determine the best fitting model and to compare adsorption capacitates with other works. Desorption/leaching of arsenate and selenite was studied though the addition of phosphate and hydroxyl ions. Langmuir isotherm modeling resulted in maximum adsorption capacities of 6.204 and 7.740 mg/g for arsenate and selenite adsorption,respectively. The PSO model applied with a non-linear regression resulted in the best kinetic fits for both adsorption and desorption of arsenate and selenite. Adsorption decreased with increasing pH. Phosphate induced desorption resulted in the highest percentage of arsenate and selenite desorbed, while hydroxide induced resulted in the fastest desorption kinetics.     

Silica-quaternary ammonium “Fixed-Quat” nanofilm coated fiberglass mesh for water disinfection and harmful algal blooms control

Intensification of pollution loading worldwide has promoted an escalation of different types of disease-causing microorganisms, such as harmful algal blooms(HABs), instigating detrimental impacts on the quality of receiving surface waters. Formation of unwanted disinfection by-products(DBPs) resulting from conventional disinfection technologies reveals the need for the development of new sustainable alternatives. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds(QACs) are cationic surfactants widely known for their effective biocidal properties at the ppm level. In this study, a novel silica-based antimicrobial nanofilm was developed using a composite of silica-modified QAC(Fixed-Quat) and applied to a fiberglass mesh as an active surface via sol–gel technique. The synthesized Fixed-Quat nanocoating was found to be effective against E. coli with an inactivation rate of 1.3 × 10~(-3) log reduction/cm min. The Fixed-Quat coated fiberglass mesh also demonstrated successful control of Microcystis aeruginosa with more than 99% inactivation after 10 hr of exposure.The developed antimicrobial mesh was also evaluated with wild-type microalgal species collected in a water body experiencing HABs, obtaining a 97% removal efficiency. Overall,the silica-functionalized Fixed-Quat nanocoating showed promising antimicrobial properties for water disinfection and HABs control, while decreasing concerns related to DBPs formation and the possible release of toxic nanomaterials into the environment.     

含铁废料综合利用及污染防治措施

钢铁行业含铁泥浆的治理一直是个难题，文中就此给出了应用范例，即利用泥浆生产酸性炉料，用于高炉炼铁。并且对可能产生的污染进行了预测，提出了防治措施。     

水相催化芳香氯化物脱氯研究

通过把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇（PEG）链，键合到硅胶上，再将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）络合双金属Pd-Cu后负载其上，制成一种新型双负载双金属催化剂PVP－PdCl2/SiO2-PEG600,以甲酸钠为氢转移试剂，在水相催水芳香氯化物脱氯，当反应温度80℃左右，n(Pd):n(Cu）=2:1，反应介质pH值11．7左右时，具有较高的催化脱卤活性，催化剂不但易于制备，便于分离，且具有良好的重复使用性能，经重复使用六次，转化率仍在70％以上。     

水质自动监控系统在水产养殖业上的应用

设计了新型的测量池，配上在线分析仪、PC机、485总线、模块和电气控制设备，研制了池塘养殖水质处动监控系统，能做到监测水质、自动增氧和投饲、更换池水，系统经长期运行，正常无故障。