回采工作面涌水事故的处理

掘进18m长的疏水巷道,使透人31404回采面的涌水流人31402回采面的采空区,降低了水压,保证了该回采面的正常生产,并减少了下分层开采时突然涌水的危险,增加了安全性与可靠性.     

Approach for the use of MSW settlement predictions in the assessment of landfill capacity based on reliability analysis

In the analysis and design of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, there are many uncertainties associated with the properties of MSW during and after MSW placement. Several studies are performed involving different laboratory and field tests to understand the complex behavior and properties of MSW, and based on these studies, different models are proposed for the analysis of time dependent settlement response of MSW. For the analysis of MSW settlement, it is very important to account for the variability of model parameters that reflect different processes such as primary compression under loading, mechanical creep and biodegradation. In this paper, regression equations based on response surface method (RSM) are used to represent the complex behavior of MSW using a newly developed constitutive model. An approach to assess landfill capacities and develop landfill closure plans based on prediction of landfill settlements is proposed. The variability associated with model parameters relating to primary compression, mechanical creep and biodegradation are used to examine their influence on MSW settlement using reliability analysis framework and influence of various parameters on the settlement of MSW are estimated through sensitivity analysis.     

建筑结构安全控制机制

就当前人们关注的建筑结构安全问题,结合系统失效规律,提出对建筑结构全过程实施可靠性鉴定,从而有效地控制了建筑结构倒塌事故。     

供应链系统可靠性分析

供应链是由物料获取并加工成中间件或成品 ,再将成品送到顾客手中的一些企业和部门构成的网络 ,它包括供应商 (包括供应商的供应商等 )、制造商、配送中心、零售商、最终用户等多个多级实体。除了性能以外 ,其可靠性已经成为供应链管理研究的重点。鉴于供应链中存在的诸多层次与环节致使供应链的可靠性分析十分复杂 ,为了简便起见 ,笔者认为 ,必须从单级供应链可靠性分析出发 ,再进行基于马尔可夫过程的多级供应链可靠性分析 ,最后根据分析结果 ,提出一些提高供应链可靠性的措施。该方法对供应链系统可靠性分析具有实用价值 ,其关键环节是将串联结构改变为并联结构来实现。     

Reliability data acquisition and evaluation in process plants

Based on the practical experience of assessing reliability data in two plants of the explosives industry, the organization and scope of the data collection, the component delimitation, the procedures of quality assurance and the data evaluation for their final use in PSA studies are presented. An example is given for the type of detection and repair, etc. The mathematical background for evaluating observed component lifetimes is discussed. Both frequentist and Bayesian methods are addressed. The resulting failure rate distributions and their approximations by log-normal distributions for several key components are presented. They were obtained using a Bayesian approach with a non-informative prior. Remarks on uncertainty, their treatment and a proposal for transferring data to plants other than the ones investigated conclude the presentation.     

Reliability analysis of pedestrian safety crossing in urban traffic environment

This paper describes the pedestrian safety crossing behaviour at signalized crosswalks in an urban traffic environment based on human reliability analysis. In our research, pedestrians’ waiting durations are modelled by a non-parametric and two parametric reliability models that recognize the effects of covariates. The covariates include pedestrian personal characteristics and urban traffic conditions in order to reflect the effects of human factors and internal environment comprehensively. The results indicate that most pedestrians show distinct time-dependent reliability but a few pedestrians are too impatient to wait for the lights changes.     

关于城市公共安全可持续发展理论的初步研究

针对城市公共安全的复杂性与动态性 ,创造性地将可持续发展理论应用到城市公共安全研究中 ,概述城市公共安全可持续发展系统的基本组成 ,结合实际进行系统的结构特征分析 ;运用可靠度理论 ,探讨了系统可持续发展指标的量化及其模型建立 ;以Logistic修正模型为例 ,提出了系统评价预测研究的方法论 ,共同构建城市公共安全可持续发展理论的基本框架。为城市公共安全的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

火灾作用后RC简支梁抗弯承载力试验研究和可靠度分析

建筑物发生火灾后 ,结构的力学性能如何变化一直是研究人员普遍关注的热点问题。但是火灾对建筑物的影响因素较为复杂 ,这些问题至今还没有得到很好的解决。笔者通过试验研究了 11根三面受火钢筋混凝土简支梁在不同初始荷载和配筋下的火灾后抗弯承载力和可靠度 ,并进行了比较。试验结果表明 :在其他条件相同仅配筋不同时 ,钢筋配置适当增加 ,火灾后抗弯承载力下降减少 ,钢筋混凝土梁的抗火能力增强 ;在其他条件相同仅初始荷载不同时 ,初始荷载增加 ,抗弯承载力下降增加 ,火灾后可靠度的下降幅度也增加。试验研究为钢筋混凝土梁的抗火设计和火灾后的修复和加固提供了参考依据。     

Evaluation of Generic Types of Drilling Fluid Using a Risk-Based Analytic Hierarchy Process

The composition of drilling muds is based on a mixture of clays and additives in a base fluid. There are three generic categories of base fluid - water, oil, and synthetic. Water-based fluids (WBFs) are relatively environmentally benign, but drilling performance is better with oil-based fluids (OBFs). The oil and gas industry developed synthetic-based fluids (SBFs), such as vegetable esters, olefins, ethers, and others, which provide drilling performance comparable to OBFs, but with lower environmental and occupational health effects. The primary objective of this paper is to present a methodology to guide decision-making in the selection and evaluation of three generic types of drilling fluids using a risk-based analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In this paper a comparison of drilling fluids is made considering various activities involved in the life cycle of drilling fluids.This paper evaluates OBFs, WBFs, and SBFs based on four major impacts—operations, resources, economics, and liabilities. Four major activities—drilling, discharging offshore, loading and transporting, and disposing onshore—cause the operational impacts. Each activity involves risks related to occupational injuries (safety), general public health, environmental impact, and energy use. A multicriteria analysis strategy was used for the selection and evaluation of drilling fluids using a risk-based AHP. A four-level hierarchical structure is developed to determine the final relative scores, and the SBFs are found to be the best option.     

注浆减沉机理的新认识和注浆系统可靠度分析

笔者通过对影响注浆减沉技术效果的分析 ,建立了由浆体单元、钻孔单元、围岩体单元和封孔单元组成子系统的注浆减沉系统 ,以及系统对应的可靠度分析模型 ;运用可靠度理论 ,解析并得出了注浆减沉系统可靠度计算公式 ;依据建立的注浆减沉系统模型 ,借助数理统计和随机过程等工具 ,可以做到比较准确地预测注浆减沉的效果 ,优化注浆参数和改善注浆工艺 ,为减少地下工程开挖损害 ,保护环境和施工安全提供了新的途径。