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161.
During recent decades, Lake Koronia has undergone severe degradation as a result of human activities around the lake and throughout
the basin. Surface and groundwater abstraction and pollution from agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources are the
major sources of degradation. Planning a restoration project was hampered by lack of sufficient data, with gaps evident in
both spatial and temporal dimensions. This study emphasized various remote sensing and geographic information system techniques,
such as digital image processing and geographic overlay, to fill gaps using satellite imagery and other spatial environmental,
hydrological, and hydrogeological data in the process of planning the restoration of Lake Koronia, following Ramsar guidelines.
Current and historical remote sensing data were used to assess the current status and level of degradation, set constraints
and define the ideotype for the restoration, and, finally, define and select the best restoration scenario. 相似文献
162.
Development projects that impact wetlands commonly require compensatory mitigation, usually through creation or restoration
of wetlands on or off the project site. Over the last decade, federal support has increased for third-party off-site mitigation
methods. At the same time, regulators have lowered the minimum impact size that triggers the requirement for compensatory
mitigation. Few studies have examined the aggregate impact of individual wetland mitigation projects. No previous study has
compared the choice of mitigation method by regulatory agency or development size. We analyze 1058 locally and federally permitted
wetland mitigation transactions in the Chicago region between 1993 and 2004. We show that decreasing mitigation thresholds
have had striking effects on the methods and spatial distribution of wetland mitigation. In particular, the observed increase
in mitigation bank use is driven largely by the needs of the smallest impacts. Conversely, throughout the time period studied,
large developments have rarely used mitigation banking, and have been relatively unaffected by changing regulatory focus and
banking industry growth. We surmise that small developments lack the scale economies necessary for feasible permittee responsible
mitigation. Finally, we compare the rates at which compensation required by both county and federal regulators is performed
across major watershed boundaries. We show that local regulations prohibiting cross-county mitigation lead to higher levels
of cross- watershed mitigation than federal regulations without cross-county prohibitions. Our data suggest that local control
over wetland mitigation may prioritize administrative boundaries over hydrologic function in the matter of selecting compensation
sites. 相似文献
163.
164.
人工湿地反硝化外加固体碳源选择研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了筛选合适的固体碳源,以玉米秸秆、污泥作为研究对象进行碳源释放规律及预处理实验研究,并从碳源释放量,释放速率、释放C/N比等方面探讨其做为碳源的可行性。结果表明,碱加热预处理后的玉米秸秆碳元素平均释放量为10.31 mg/(g·d),较酸加碱加热预处理方式高0.91 mg/(g·d),但二者氮元素平均释放量相同,均为0.20 mg/(g·d)。污泥经预处理后,碳、氮元素平均释放量分别为8.98 mg/(g·d)、0.21 mg/(g·d)。考虑到污泥作为反硝化碳源可以实现污泥的资源化、减量化和无害化。所以污泥和碱加热处理的玉米秸秆均可作为人工湿地外加碳源。 相似文献
165.
艾比湖湿地土地利用/覆被-景观格局和气候变化的生态环境效应研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
借助Arc GIS与ENVI软件,以1998年、2006年和2014年遥感影像Landsat TM/OLI为数据源,得到3期艾比湖湿地自然保护区土地利用/覆被类型图.在空间尺度上将研究区分为3个特定研究单元来分析土地利用/覆被变化特征,并从景观格局和气候变化两个方面来进行生态环境效应研究.通过计算土地利用/覆被类型生态风险指数,从而获得研究区生态安全指数,最终建立艾比湖湿地自然保护区土地利用/覆被类型与生态环境之间的数量关系,并对整体及局部地区进行生态环境质量动态分析.结果表明,水域和其他(裸地和戈壁)是研究区内的优势景观类型.水域的平均斑块面积最大,水域和其他(裸地和戈壁)的最大斑块指数较高,盐碱地和其他(裸地和戈壁)的分维度指数较高,水域和其他(裸地和戈壁)的聚集度指数较大,林草地空间分布离散,破碎化程度高,连通性差.1998—2014年期间多样性指数增加,说明各景观类型所占比例趋于均衡化,作为优势景观类型的湿地对整个景观的控制作用减小,景观异质性增加.1998—2014年间,艾比湖湿地自然保护区总体生态环境指数呈逐步升高趋势,但生态环境质量的改善与恶化同时存在,并在特定研究单元上出现明显的区域分异特征.盐碱地、其他(裸地和戈壁)向湿地及荒漠向其他(裸地和戈壁)的转化是环境改善的主导因素.湿地向水域和其他(裸地和戈壁)的转变是环境恶化的主导因素.据1998—2014年的气象资料,降水量呈下降趋势,降水减少使植物存活率降低,导致植被覆盖率下降,从而影响生态环境的健康发展.另外,在分析驱动机制的基础上,建立了优选多元线性回归方程,结果表明,在景观指数和年径流量中,艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态环境指数的变化与平均斑块面积和分维度指数均呈显著相关.该研究对艾比湖湿地自然保护区土地利用合理规划管理、生态恢复和经济发展政策的制定有着非常重要的意义. 相似文献
166.
167.
Matthew R. House Marvin R. Pyles Dale White 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(1):209-217
ABSTRACT: Stream crossings designed to simulate a natural streambed inside a culvert are commonly used to meet criteria where fish passage is required. Currently, there has been little research that quantitatively examines the flow patterns within these streambed simulation culverts. A model is presented that estimates the percent of a cross section that is within the swimming ability of juvenile fish developed from velocity measurements on first‐generation stream simulation culverts — those culverts with a continuous gravel bed. The model, developed with regression techniques, uses physical and hydraulic parameters including discharge, total cross sectional area, Froude number, and relative roughness, and was tested directly against velocity distributions computed from field measurements and in a culvert design mode. Results were favorable, although larger percentage errors exist, particularly at small flow depths. The model appears to underestimate the percent of channel cross section at or below a limiting velocity, hence it is generally conservative in design mode. 相似文献
168.
Identifying key issues in environmental wetland research using scaling and uncertainty analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter van Bodegom Chris Bakker Hugo Denier van der Gon 《Regional Environmental Change》2004,4(2-3):100-106
Quantification of the response of wetlands to environmental change and of climate change to wetland processes, is a pressing, but complex, issue. Findings of widely diverse investigations have to be generalised to identify the key issues and the gaps in knowledge. Two tools for generalisation, scaling and uncertainty analysis, were applied here to two case studies and act as stepping stones for analysis of key issues. The first case study is on methane emissions from wetland rice fields and the second is on the restoration of wet dune slacks. The type of problems encountered depends on the scale at which a process is studied. At the biogeochemical processes scale, knowledge on some key parameters, but especially on interactions between key parameters is limiting. At the vegetation scale, feedbacks between processes become especially important, whereas at even larger scales increasingly stringent approximations of interactions have to be made. Accumulating uncertainties at the landscape scale need careful evaluation. Apart from uncertainties in the approximations and their interactions, those introduced by spatial and temporal variability as well as by different data sources highly influence the accuracy of response estimates, while these last sources of uncertainty are neglected in many studies. Only by explicitly accounting for scaling effects and their resulting uncertainties, the interactions between wetlands and environment can be understood. 相似文献
169.
170.
Weichuan Qiao Rong Li Tianhao Tang Achuo Anitta Zuh 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(2):20