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121.
Yuan Wei Zhipeng Chen Fengchang Wu Hong Hou Jining Li Yuxian Shangguan Juan Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,29(3)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the community composition of AMF under natural conditions in soils contaminated by antimony(Sb). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of AMF molecular diversity, and to explore the effects of Sb content and soil properties on the AMF community structure in an Sb mining area. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from around the Xikuangshan mine in southern China. The association of AMF molecular diversity and community composition with the rhizosphere soils of the dominant plant species was studied by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE). Results from all five studied sites showed that the diversity of AMF decreased with increasing Sb concentration. Principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the AMF community structure was markedly different among these groups. Further redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that Sb contamination was the dominating factor influencing the AMF community structure in the Sb mine area. However, the multivariate analysis showed that, apart from the soil Sb content, extractable nitrogen content and organic matter content also attributed to AMF sequence distribution type. Some AMF sequences were only found in the highly contaminated area and these might be ideal candidates for improving phytoremediation efficiency in Sb mining regions. Gene sequencing analysis revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant AMF genus in the studied Sb mining area. 相似文献
122.
医院室内空气真菌污染会影响医护人员、病人及陪护人员的健康,其影响程度不仅与空气真菌的种类和浓度有关,还与真菌气溶胶粒径及分布特征有关,不同粒径的真菌气溶胶影响人体健康的作用机制不同.本研究对重庆某综合医院的普通病房进行空气真菌取样,系统分析了病房空气真菌浓度、种属及粒径分布特征.通过分析实验数据,发现病房空气真菌浓度与病人患病类型及人员密度无关,主要影响因素为温湿度与季节变化.冬夏各科室病房真菌粒径分布特征大致呈正态分布,粒径的百分比从Ⅰ级~Ⅲ级各级所占比例逐渐增大,Ⅲ级~Ⅴ级所占比例总体最大,Ⅴ级~Ⅵ级所占比例逐渐降低.冬夏不同科室病房的空气真菌孢子中值直径没有显著差异,真菌孢子的中值直径小于3.19μm.病房冬夏优势菌属基本相同,主要为青霉属、曲霉属及交链孢霉属,与其它建筑相比并无显著性差异.因此,病房空调系统设计应提高对粒径为1.1~4.7μm真菌孢子的过滤效率,病房的日常卫生维护与空调系统运行管理时应有针对性地选择适宜的抑菌除菌方法和设备. 相似文献
123.
接种白腐菌堆肥修复五氯酚污染的土壤 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用4组堆肥装置A、B、C、D,分别往五氯酚污染土壤中不加外来菌、加入固定化黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)、加入游离黄孢原毛平革菌及暴露在空气中不做任何处理.对其进行对比研究,探讨了利用堆肥的方法对五氯酚污染土壤进行生物修复的可行性.结果说明,添加黄孢原毛平革菌进行堆肥修复其效果要好于不加菌的效果,经过60d的堆肥,PCP基本得到降解,降解率都达到了94%以上,其中固定化菌又优于游离菌,固定化菌在第9d对PCP的降解率就达到了50%.此外,通过分析种子发芽率,有机质,微生物量碳等多项指标可以看出各组堆肥的腐熟情况都比较理想,为黄孢原毛平革菌降解五氯酚的过程提供了良好的外部环境,使土壤修复与堆肥能较好地结合起来. 相似文献
124.
SOO-MIN LEE JAE-WON LEE KI-RYEONG PARK EUI-JU HONG EUI-BAE JEUNG MYUNG-KIL KIM 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):385-397
The white rot fungus Stereum hirsutum was used to degrade methoxychlor [2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane] in culture and the degraded products were extensively determined. The estrogenic activity of the degraded products of methoxychlor was examined using cell proliferation and pS2 gene expression assays in MCF-7 cells. S. hirsutum showed high resistance to methoxychlor 100 ppm, and the mycelial growth was fully completed within 8 days of incubation at 30°C. Methoxychlor in liquid culture medium was gradually converted into 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene, 2-chloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) ethane, 2-chloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) ethylene, and 1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene, indicating that methoxychlor is dominantly degraded by dechlorination and dehydrogenation. MCF-7 cells were demonstrated to proliferate actively at the 10?5 M concentration of methoxychlor. However, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by the incubation with methoxychlor culture media containing S. hirsutum. In addition, the expression level of pS2 mRNA was increased at the concentration (10?5 M) of methoxychlor. The reductive effect of S. hirsutum for methoxychlor was clear but not significant as in the proliferation assay. 相似文献
125.
F. Rigas R. Marchant V. Dritsa E. Kapsanaki-Gotsi Z. Gonou-Zagou E. J. Avramides 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(3):201-210
Many papers have shown that white rot fungi can degrade aromatic pollutants under laboratory conditions, but few report field scale trials. Here we report the first steps in the development of a remediation system for Greek conditions. A review of the available organochlorine compound pollution information in Greece is presented. White rot fungi isolated from sites in Greece have been screened for growth rate and ligninolytic activity, using decolourisation of the dye Poly R-478 as an indicator of enzyme activity. Use of white rot fungi under field conditions in Greece will require bioaugmentation to be effective at high temperatures and low water activity for much of the year. The most potent strains have been selected under a range of conditions and have been challenged with priority pollutants to determine their degradative ability under laboratory conditions and subsequently ex situ in soil. 相似文献
126.
药用抗癌真菌资源的筛选 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以抗癌真菌的研究结果和分类方法的基础,提出了寻找潜在药用抗癌真菌的方法,描述了国产抗癌真菌的分类分布; 相似文献
127.
Effect of Common Pesticides Used in the Niger Delta Basin of Southern Nigeria on Soil Microbial Populations 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Ekundayo EO 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,89(1):35-41
The effects of eleven pesticides on the populations of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and protozoa was investigated by treating a garden soil with their recommended rates. The microbial populations were estimated using the standard plate-count technique. Of the ll pesticides investigated, phenylmercuric acetate (agrosan) at 50 g g-1 inhibited bacterial density the most, i.e. from 4,600,000 to 220 cells g-1. The pesticides were Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), tetramethylmethylthiuram disulphide (thiram),1- naphthylmethylcarbamate (Vetox 85), 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (Gammalin 20), phenylmercuric acetate (Agrosan), tetrachloroterephthalic acid (Dacthal), 4-nitrophenyl –2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl ether (Preforan), 2-ethyl-6-methyl –N-2-methoxy –1-methyl ethyl-chloroacetanide (Dual), Benlate, Brestan and Gramoxone. Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) at 240,000 g g-1 reduced bacterial population from 4,600,000 to 2,100 cells g-1, whereas tetramethylthiuram disulphide (thiram) at 100 g g-1 suppressed it by 2 log orders of magnitude. Soil application of 1-naphthylmethylcarbamate (Vetox 85) at 100 g g-1 and 1,2,3,4,5,6,-hexachlorocyclohexane (Gamalin 20) at 1,300 g g-1 repressed the bacterial numbers by 2 log orders of magnitude each. Pentachloronitrobenzene reduced the actinomycetes density from 340,000 to 320 cells g-1 and completely eliminated all fungal and protozoan propagules from the soil. The Gammalin 20 completely wiped out all the fungi, whereas phenylmercuric acetate totally eliminated all the protozoa and reduced the fungal population from 34,000 to 60 cells g-1. In general, protozoa and fungi were more susceptible to fungicides than bacteria and actinomycetes. Pentachloronitrobenzene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,-hexachlorocyclohexane and phenylmercuric acetate were toxic particularly to soil microorganisms, whereas the herbicides dacthal, Preforan and Dual were quite harmless in soil at application rates of 0.1, 0.06 and 0.02 g g-1 respectively. 相似文献
128.
CometabolicdegradationofveratrylalcoholandbiphenylbywhiterotfungusundernitrogennutritionrichconditionLinLu,DengYaojie,HuJi... 相似文献
129.
Allelochemicals from fungi and bacteria in wheat rhizosphere,as well as their allelopathic effects on wheat and maize have been conducted.Fungi and bacteria were incubated at temperature 28-30℃.The extracts were tested for bioassay.Some samples identified to be responsible for allelopathy have been determined by GC-MS.Some chemicals identified were selected to test again their bioactivity.The results showed that acidic extracts were more toxic to germination of wheat and maize seeds(statistic significant difference P<0.01 or P<0.05)and basic extracts were less toxic and stimulated effects on germination in some cases.A good relationship has been observed between the data of chemical analysis and bioassay. A wide variety of chemicals such as phenolic acids,organic acids,aldehydes,alcohol,ketones,nitrogen-containing chemicals,were identified by GC-MS.Some phenols and organic acids were identified to be inhibit and nitrogens-containing compounds were to be stimulate to germination of seeds and extension of root and shoot of wheat and maize. 相似文献
130.
Straw bio-degradation by acidogenic bacteria and composite fungi 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A composite microbial system, including a strain of Candida tropicalis (W3), a strain of Lactobacillus plantarm(WY3) and three strains of basidiomycete pL104, pL113 and C33, was chosen to degrade com straw.The final pH was acid owing to the inoculation of acidogenic bacteria, and under this condition the composite fungi system could produce complex enzyme to destroy the compact structure of corn straw. The experimental results showed that the biomass of composite fungi could reach up to maximum when the pH value was 4.5. Through the bio-degradation by combining acidogenic bacteria with the composite fungi system, the cellulose, hemi-ceUulose and lignin degradation rates of corn straw powder were 26.36%, 43.30% and 26.96%, respectively. And the gross crude protein content increased 60.41%. This study provided the evidence for the feasibility of developing a composite microbial system with high capability of degrading straw lignocelluloses in order to make reasonable use of straw resource and protect rural eco-environment. 相似文献