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131.
Jerzy Falandysz 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(8):546-560
Leccinum scabrum is an edible mushroom common in European regions in the northern hemisphere. Macro and trace mineral constituents such as Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn were studied in L. scabrum and in the top soil collected from the same location underneath soil substratum. The “pseudo-total” and labile (extractable fraction of minerals) were measured to get insight into the levels, distribution between the morphological parts of fruiting bodies, potential for their bioconcentration by mushroom and evaluated for human exposure via consumption of the mushroom. The sampling sites include the Dar?lubska Wilderness, Trójmiejski Landscape Park, Sobieszewo Island, Wdzydze Landscape Park and outskirts of the K?trzyn town in Mazury from the norther part of Poland. Median values of K, Rb and P concentrations in dehydrated L. scabrum were for caps in range 27,000–44,000 mg kg?1, 90–320 mg kg?1 and 6,200–9,100 mg kg?1, and followed by Mg at 880–1,000 mg kg?1, Ca at 48–210 mg kg?1 and Al at 15–120 mg kg?1. The median concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in caps were in range 15–27 mg kg?1 db 38–140 mg kg?1, 5.3–27 mg kg?1 and 130–270 mg kg?1. For Ba and Sr, concentrations on the average were at ~1 mg kg?1, and almost equally distributed between the caps and stipes of the fruiting bodies. L. scabrum mushrooms were low in toxic Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb, for which the median values in dried caps from five locations were, respectively, in range 0.48–0.98 mg kg?1 (cap to stipe index, QC/S, was 2.5–4.1), 1.0–5.8 mg kg?1 (QC/S 2.9–3.8), 0.36–0.59 mg kg?1 (QC/S 1.6–2.7) and 0.20–0.91 mg kg?1 (QC/S 1.2–1.9). Substantial variations in the concentrations of the “pseudo-total” fraction (extracted by aqua regia) or labile fraction (extracted by 20% solution of nitric acid) of the elements determined in forest topsoils were noted between some of the locations examined. The elements K, P, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Na, Rb and Zn can be considered as those which were bioconcentrated by L. scabrum in fruiting bodies, while the rates of accumulation varied with the sampling location. 相似文献
132.
Alla I. Perfileva Antonina G. Pavlova Baira B. Bukhyanova 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(7):464-468
The effect of various pesticides on the biofilm formation by the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms), the potato ring rot causative agent, was explored for the first time. Systemic herbicides: 2,4-D, diuron, glyphosate, clopyralid, fluorodifen, as well as the commercial preparations “Lazurite,” “Ridomil Gold,” and the mitochondria inhibiting pesticides analog, sodium monoiodoacetate, were studied. These pesticides' effect on the Cms biofilm formation was shown to be distinct and dependent on the agent under question. Cms biofilm formation was reduced when exposed to sodium monoiodoacetate, as well as “Lazurite” preparation, that could be due to the bactericidal effect of these agents. 2,4-D and “Ridomil Gold” preparation stimulated the biofilm formation. Systemic herbicides diuron, glyphosate, clopyralid, fluorodifen did not exert appreciable influence on the process of bacterial biofilm formation. 相似文献
133.
Xuemei Wang Honggao Liu Ji Zhang Tao Li 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(3):178-183
ABSTRACTThe heavy metal contents (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) of eight species of wild edible mushrooms from China were determined. The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry after microwave digestion. The contents of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in caps of mushroom samples were 0.7–7.2, 16.2–70.4, 371–1315, 12.5–29.8, 7.1–58.5, and 77.8–187.4 mg kg?1 dry matter (dm), respectively, while considerable differences were found to be 1.8–25.9, 9.8–36.3, 288–6762, 13.3–103.9, 5.9–78.7, and 38.7–118 mg kg?1 dm for stipes. The results indicated that higher levels of Co, Fe, and Ni were found in the mushrooms samples analyzed. Zinc and manganese levels were similar to previous reports, whereas Cu was lower than literature values. Correlation analysis suggested that significant correlations were found between the minerals determined and the greatest amount of contamination is associated with Co, Mn, Ni, and Fe. The results of this study indicate that heavy metal contents in mushroom species are mainly related to the mineral resources of sampling sites. 相似文献
134.
The study was carried out to investigate the effects of application of cassava mill effluent on bacteria and fungi types and
population in a soil grown to maize (Zea Mays L.) Microbial populations were determined before pollution of soil with cassava mill effluent, six weeks after pollution
with effluent and at the end of the experiment. Results obtained showed that bacteria and fungi populations increased with
time as rates of pollution increased. It was also observed that some bacteria present in the soil at the beginning of the
experiment and up to the sixth week after pollution with effluent became extinct at the end of the experiment. 相似文献
135.
反硝化真菌-细菌优化组合及其脱氮能力研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从多种真菌中筛选到3株脱氮活性较高的真菌,并将其与一株从武汉市郊新筛选分离到的具有较强脱氮能力的细菌HS-03进行混和培养,通过正交实验确立其最佳培养条件。正交实验方差分析表明:碳源、pH值和温度3个因素对脱氮率的影响都非常显著,菌种因素对脱氮率有一定影响。实验结果表明,真菌与细菌混合脱氮的最佳培养条件为:以琥珀酸钠为碳源,NaNO3为N源,C/N为10,pH=7.5,温度30℃。细菌HS-03和真菌Fusariumoxyspurum的组合优于其它组合。在最佳培养条件下,该组合能在21h内去除10mmolNO3-,优于相同条件下细菌HS-03或真菌F.oxyspurum的反硝化能力。 相似文献
136.
Tomáš Cajthaml Zdena K?esinová Kate?ina Svobodová Karel Sigler Tomáš ?ezanka 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3325-3335
Natural estrogens such as estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and the particularly recalcitrant synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol used as oral contraceptive, accumulate in the environment and may give rise to health problems. The processes participating in their removal from soil, wastewater, water-sediments, groundwater-aquifer material, and wastewater or sewage treatment plant effluents may involve the action of bacterial and microbial consortia, and in some cases fungi and algae. This review discusses the different efficiencies of bacterial degradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, the role of sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron-reducing conditions in anaerobic degradation, and the role of sorption. The participation of autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in cometabolic degradation of estrogens, the estrogen-degrading action of ligninolytic fungi and their extracellular enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, laccase), and of algae are discussed in detail. 相似文献
137.
138.
The presence of high levels of Cu in soil decreases the shoot and root dry weights of Eucalyptus globulus. However, higher plant tolerance of Cu has been observed in the presence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus deserticola. The hyphal length of G. deserticola was sensitive to low Cu concentrations, and the percentage of AM root colonisation and the metabolic activity of the AM fungus were also decreased by Cu. Therefore, a direct effect of Cu on the development of the AM fungus inside and outside the root cannot be ruled out. E. globulus colonised by G. deserticola had higher metal concentrations in the roots and shoots than do non-mycorrhizal plants; however, the absence of a higher root to shoot metal ratio in the mycorrhizal plants (1.70 ± 0.11) indicated that G. deserticola did not play a filtering/sequestering role against Cu. The saprobe fungi Coriolopsis rigida and Trametes versicolor were able to remove Cu ions from the asparagine–glucose growth media. However, plants inoculated with C. rigida and T. versicolor did not accumulate more Cu than non-inoculated controls, and the growth of the plant was not increased in the presence of these fungi. However, C. rigida increased the shoot dry weight, AM root length colonisation, and metabolic mycelial activity of plants colonised with G. deserticola in the presence of Cu; only this saprobe-AM fungus combination increased the tolerance of E. globulus to Cu. Inoculation with G. deserticola and C. rigida increased the E. globulus Cu uptake to levels reached by hyperaccumulative plants. 相似文献
139.
140.
Kim KY Ko HJ Kim HT Kim YS Roh YM Lee CM Kim CN 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):255-266
This on-site survey study was performed to determine the concentrations and emissions of aerial contaminants in the different
types of swine houses in Korea and then to present beneficial information available for Korean pig producers to manage optimal
air quality in swine house. The swine houses investigated in this research were selected based on three criteria; manure removal
system, ventilation mode and growth stage of swine. Mean concentrations of aerial pollutants in swine houses were 8 ppm for
ammonia, 300 ppb for hydrogen sulfide, 2 mg m−3 for total dust, 0.6 mg m−3 for respirable dust, 4 log(cfu m−3) for total airborne bacteria and 3 log(cfu m−3) for total airborne fungi, respectively. Mean emissions based on pig (liveweight; 75 kg) and area (m2) were 250 and 340 mg h−1 for ammonia, 40 and 50 mg h−1 for hydrogen sulfide, 40 and 50 mg h−1 for total dust, 10 and 15 mg h−1 for respirable dust, 1.0 and 1.3 log(cfu) h−1 for total airborne bacteria and 0.7 and 1.0 log(cfu) h−1 for total airborne fungi, respectively. In general concentrations and emissions of gases were relatively higher in the swine
houses managed with deep-pit manure system with slats and mechanical ventilation mode than the different swine housing types
whereas those of particulates and bioaerosol were highest in the naturally ventilated swine houses with deep-litter bed system. 相似文献