UV-Fenton法促进白腐菌处理草浆造纸蒸煮黑液

UV—Fenton法能够产生羟基自由基氧化草浆造纸蒸煮黑液中的有机质，白腐菌能够降解草浆造纸蒸煮黑液中的木质素，降低黑液COD，但是分别采用两种方法处理草浆造纸蒸煮黑液，效果都不明显．本研究初步探索了UV—Fenton法作为预处理对白腐菌处理草浆造纸蒸煮黑液体系的影响．与仅采用白腐菌处理黑液的效应相比，UV—Fenton法氧化黑液体系中易氧化的物质，改变了体系中难降解物的特性，降低了可溶性糖的含量，结果能提高白腐菌木质素降解酶系的分泌及酶的活性，增强白腐菌降解木质素及去除黑液COD的能力．图5表1参10     

垃圾堆肥高效纤维素分解菌的筛选与培育技术

从堆肥、马粪、果园土、污泥等20个样品中，分离筛选出3株对滤纸分解旺盛的纤维素分解菌：C1、C2、C3，并外购康氏木霉、白腐菌、变色栓菌一起作为出发株，经紫外诱变处理后，在含葡萄糖的产酶培养基平板上筛选到能形成较大透明圈的突变株，并进行CMC酶活、微晶纤维素酶活及天然粗纤维分解能力测定。实验结果证明白腐菌经紫外线照射60s诱变而得的C16不仅透明圈大，CMC酶活高（60.08U/mL）是出发株的2倍，而且其对天然粗纤维分解能力强，10d分解率达35％。     

酵母菌处理黄泔水试验研究

采用小型和中型试验装置利用酵母菌对豆制品生产中产生的黄泔水进行预处理 ,对其实用性和经济性进行了探讨。试验分析了一些对处理过程和效果有关的主要影响因素 ,并通过中试为生产型设备的设计提供基本参数。     

生化调控对白腐真菌处理染料废水脱色效果的影响研究

研究了白腐真菌处理染料废水过程中的培养液类型。初始pH值，废水的投加量，替代碳源和氮源类型。浓度及木素酶诱导物等生化调控措施及其效果。在优化调控条件下，HSU-13和云芝2种白腐真菌对实际活性染料废水的脱色率可以达到98%左右。在保证良好脱色效果的前提下，使用淀粉替代查氏培养液中的蔗糖可以降低碳源的费用；使用20mmol/L天冬酰胺和酒石酸铵替代查氏培养液中的硝酸钠可以明显提高脱色效果。说明2种白腐真菌对富氮条件的依赖性；投加丁香酸，Mn^2 和Cu^2 等酶的诱导物后可以显著提高脱色速度；苯甲醇在浓度较低（2mmol/L）时对云芝的脱色性能有一定促进作用。而浓度提高到8mmol/L后对云芝的脱色性能几乎没有影响。     

深圳特区不同功能区大气微生物污染调查

采用平皿沉降法,测定了深圳特区不同功能区37个监测点人群呼吸带内的大气细菌数和真菌数,结果表明,特区内不同功能区大气微生物的浓度各异,其中市区商业交通混杂区的大气细菌污染最重,其次是工业区和交通干线,文教区和居民区、旅游区大气细菌含量最低。绿化情况良好的文教区、居民区、果园的真菌含量高于工业区和交通干线。以大气细菌含量为指标评价了各测点的空气质量,参与评价的37个测点中,清洁点占56.8%,普通点占29.7%,属界限空气的测点占8.1%,5.4%的测点空气已出现轻度污染。大气细菌的日浓度变化规律为:早上(6:30)、晚上(18:30)较高,上午(10:30)、下午(14:30)较低。     

涠洲采油废水处理系统运行效果及微生物群落分析

涠洲终端处理厂选用ABR+SBR联合工艺处理采油废水,该系统运行稳定,处理效果好。进水ρ(COD)、ρ(石油类)分别为215~731,9~52 mg/L,系统处理后出水浓度为30~87,2~8 mg/L,去除率为83%~94%,78%~92%。废水中其余指标如S2-、SS和NH3-N去除率分别为99%、94%和70%~90%。利用分子分析法对微生物群落结构研究,表明进水较出水有更高的细菌丰度,出水较进水有更高的真菌丰度。推测活性污泥中Marinobacterium、Marinobacter和Thiomicrospira是系统中采油废水主要降解细菌。此外,真菌群落分布均匀主要为子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门,兼性菌如Aspergillus、Alternaria、Fusarium、Blastobotrys及Meyerozyma在活性污泥中较为丰富,Aspergillus、Alternaria可能是潜在的降解真菌。     

Evaluation of vulnerability of Suillus variegatus and Suillus granulatus mushrooms to sequester mercury in fruiting bodies

This work determined the mercury (Hg) contents and bioconcentration potential of two Suillus mushrooms, and the probable dietary intake of this element from a mushroom meal. The determination of total Hg content of fungal and soil samples was performed using cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy by a direct sample thermal decomposition coupled with gold wool trap of Hg and its further desorption and quantitative measurement at a wavelength of 253.7 nm. The median values of Hg contents (mg kg^?1 dry biomass) in 213 specimens of S. variegatus from 12 background areas varied widely from 0.087 to 0.51 for caps and from 0.041 to 0.24 for stipes. In 52 specimens of S. granulatus, the Hg contents ranged from 0.30 to 0.41 for caps and from 0.058 to 0.14 for stipes. Both species could be classified as moderate accumulators of Hg and the median bioconcentration factor values ranged from 7.0 to 14 (caps) and 2.1 to 13 (stipes) for S. variegatus and 9.5 (caps) and 1.3 (stipes) for S. granulatus. The estimated intake rates of Hg with the consumption of 300-g caps were from 0.0026 to 0.015 per capita or from 0.000037 to 0.00022 mg kg^?1 body mass and this do not indicate any cause for concern associated with eating a meal once or more in a week during the mushrooming season.     

Ecological Efficiency of Voluntary Conservation of Boreal-Forest Biodiversity

Abstract: Current networks of protected areas are biased in many countries toward landscapes of low productivity. Voluntary conservation incentives have been suggested as a socially acceptable way to supplement existing networks with more productive, privately owned areas of high priority for nature conservation. The limited resources committed to nature conservation demand cost‐efficiency. Efficiency, however, depends not only on costs incurred to society from alternative ways of maintaining biodiversity but also on ecological values that can be captured. We examined the ecological efficiency of the new market‐based voluntary program to preserve forest habitats on private land in southwestern Finland. We compared sites that have become protected (10‐year contracts) in the program with managed forests, with sites that have been negotiated for protection for which no contract has been signed, and with the most ecologically valuable privately owned sites in the region that have not been offered for protection by forest owners. We surveyed sites for the amount of dead wood, wood‐decomposing fungi, and epiphytic lichens to evaluate their ecological quality. Contracted sites had more features important for overall biodiversity than managed forests and negotiated sites with no contract. These results indicate that procedures used during site selection and negotiations were appropriate and not opportunistic. The contracted sites were also as valuable in ecological terms as the best, still‐unprotected, privately owned forests in the region that have not been offered for protection. We conclude that voluntary conservation programs have the potential to yield ecologically valuable sites for protection if the site‐selection procedures are appropriate. Reliance on completely voluntary programs, however, may entail uncertainties and inadequacies, for example, in terms of spatial configuration and persistence of the ecological values. Thus, such programs may often need to be supplemented with alternative methods such as land purchase to achieve an ecologically effective network of protected sites.     

产酸白腐菌处理碱性造纸黑液的机制探析

在复杂的黑液污染体系内, 探索了产酸白腐菌处理碱性造纸黑液的机制。用该菌处理碱性造纸黑液5d以后,pH值从8、9降至1,COD去除率为73%,黑液中固形物与可溶木质素随着时间增加。研究结果表明,黑液碱性是影响产酸白腐菌生长的限制因子之一, 产酸白腐菌可以通过产酸代谢调节黑液碱性以适应与改变环境,同时通过木质素酸析及吸附效应降低黑液COD,此时,白腐菌对黑液中木素降解作用处于次要地位,说明使用产酸白腐菌进行造纸黑液的处理具有明显环境效应与巨大的潜力。     

4种外生菌根真菌对滴滴涕的耐受性及生理响应

在纯培养条件下,研究了外生菌根真菌--美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)、铆钉菇(Gomphidius viscidus)、双色蜡蘑(Laccaria bicolor)、褐疣柄牛肝菌(Leccinum scabrum)在不同质量浓度DDT处理下的生长效应、耐受性和生理响应. 结果表明:DDT没有影响外生菌根真菌的生长模式,只是改变了其生长速度和生物量积累. 在5.0 mg/L的DDT处理下,美味牛肝菌、铆钉菇和双色蜡蘑的生长没有受到显著影响. 在25.0 mg/L的DDT处理下,美味牛肝菌的生长没有受到显著影响,显示出了较好的耐受性. 在高ρ(DDT)处理下,铆钉菇的多酚氧化酶、漆酶和过氧化物酶活性显著增强,液体培养基Ph下降幅度较大. 美味牛肝菌和铆钉菇通过不同的方式来响应DDT的胁迫,它们均具有较好地降解DDT的潜力.