Effect of sulfate on the methanogenic activity of a bacterial culture from a brewery wastewater during glucose degradation

The maximum specific methanogenic activity （SMA） of a sludge originating from a brewery wastewater treatment plant on the degradation of glucose was investigated at various levels of sulfate on a specific loading basis. Batch experiments were conducted in serum bottles at pH 7 and 35℃. A comparison of the values indicates that the SMA of this mixed culture was increased and reached its highest level of 0.128 g CH4 gas COD/（g VSS.d） when biomass was in contact with sulfate at a ratio of 1：0.114 by weight.     

黑水河下游鱼类资源现状及其保护措施

为了解白鹤滩蓄水运行前黑水河下游鱼类资源的现状、受到的主要威胁及其保护措施,于2014年1~12月在黑水河下游干支流江段采用电捕法进行了渔获物调查。结果显示:12个月共调查发现鱼类28种,隶属于3目8科23属,其中喜流水生境、产粘沉性卵、以着生藻类或/和底栖动物为食物的鱼类种类较多;调查区域鱼类个体规格普遍较小,其中齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti、短体副鳅Paracobitis potanini、红尾副鳅Paracobitis varigatus、短须裂腹鱼Schizothorax wangchiachii、前鳍高原鳅Triplophysa anterodorsalis、中华纹胸鮡Glyptothorax sinense和凹尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus emarginatus为调查区域的主要经济鱼类;上半年和下半年的渔获物结构在统计学上差异显著(R=0.81,p=0.1%0.05),鱼类在金沙江干流和黑水河下游之间的相互迁徙比较明显;CPUE呈现先波动下降然后逐月上升的趋势,其中10月份的CPUE最低;丰度生物量比较曲线显示2014年各月的渔获物结构均处于严重干扰状态。黑水河下游河道采砂以及过度捕捞是白鹤滩蓄水前影响黑水河下游鱼类资源的主要因素,建议通过控制采砂的江段、采砂的时间以及全面禁捕保护该区域的鱼类资源。     

生物质慢速热解工艺的新探讨

慢速热解作为生物质气流床气化的前处理工艺在国内为首创。慢速热解方法不仅可以脱除生物质内的氧元素提高能量密度,而且可以改变生物质的物性有效解决生物质气流床气化过程的输送问题。文章分析了不同生物质种类热解后固体产物、液体产物和气体产物的特性,并且粗略衡算了热解过程的吸热量。结果表明:在热解温度<500℃时,液体产物和气体产物的热值随着热解温度的升高而增加;为得到高固体产率和能量产率的半焦作为气化原料,热解温度不宜>500℃;从能量衡算角度分析而得,热解过程的吸热量很少。     

水体的营养水平对苦草(Vallisneria atans)生长的影响

在室外控制条件下,以太湖梅梁湾水体现状营养水平(ρ(TN)为5 mg/L和ρ(TP)为0.2 mg/L)为依据,研究营养盐含量升高对苦草生长的影响.结果表明:①在满足光补偿点及无种间竞争等的条件下,苦草在营养水平为ρ(TN)＞10 mg/L和ρ(TP)＞0.4 mg/L的水中也能成活.②随着营养盐含量的升高,苦草生物量的增长率逐渐降低,当水中ρ(TN)达到10 mg/L和ρ(TP)达到0.4 mg/L时,苦草的生物量开始减少;营养盐含量升高对苦草叶片特征的影响不明显,而苦草根状茎的生物量却随着营养盐含量的升高而逐渐减少,当水体营养水平达到ρ(TN)为10 mg/L和ρ(TP)为0.4 mg/L时,除叶片长度外,苦草的其他形态指标值均显著下降.③在梅梁湾水体现状营养水平的基础上,当水中磷含量增加1倍时对苦草生长造成的抑制作用大于氮含量增加1倍时;当二者均增加时,对植物生长造成的抑制作用显著增加.     

Microflora Associated with the Digestive-Transport Surfaces of Fish and Their Parasitic Cestodes

The symbiotic microflora is described that is associated to various degrees with the digestive-transport surfaces of pike and burbot and their parasitic cestodes T. nodulosus and E. rugosum, respectively, as well as of L. intestinalis plerocercoids from the body cavity of bream. Some of these bacteria possess amylolytic and proteolytic activity, which indicates their participation in both the digestion of the host and of the parasite.     

Zooplankton as an Indicator of the State of Lake Ecosystems Polluted with Mining Wastewater in the Kola Peninsula

The most informative characteristics of the zooplankton-community response to the effect of industrial wastewater from mines have been determined using water bodies of the Kola Peninsula as an example. It has been demonstrated that qualitative and quantitative characteristics of zooplankton depend on the degree of industrial pollution of a water body and adequately reflect differences in the conditions of zooplankton growth between the whole water bodies and their individual parts. The role of zooplankton as an indicator has been assessed and the possibility of including it in the system of monitoring of water objects has been substantiated.     

浙西山地马尾松林分针叶量的动态变化及其遥感监测

介绍了一种运用陆地卫星ＴＭ数据监测马尾松林分针叶量及其变化的方法，只要由森林资源清查数据建立起林分资源信息库后，就可通过监测年份卫星数据与背景数据的比较，初步了解森林的健康状况。并通过宏观的监测结果，森防人员根据多年的经验就可预测发展趋势，制定出相应的防治策略，进而实现宏观监测和预测森林病虫害的目的。     

Relationship between structure and aboveground biomass of typical steppe and climate in Inner Mongolia

Typical steppe in Inner Mongolia belongs to a part of Central Asia sub-region in Eurasian temperate steppe region. In climate distinct wet and dry season, coherence of water and heat result in single peak type of seasonal dynamic of steppe biomass. Community biomass has linear regressional equation with community height, its correlation coefficient (R) is 0.959***. Growth rate of biomass in June, July and August is usually at 1.5-3.0 g/m2. d-1. Community standing dead occurs in June and equates green living biomass by mid-September. Community biomass is only standing dead biomass in the mid-October. Biomass, green production and standing dead have linear regressional relation with days of plant growing, their correlation coefficient (R) are 0.9919***, 0.9878*** and 0.9923***, respectively. Yearly dynamic of typical steppe biomass is variable, the maximum value is 2.4 times as much as the minimum. The peak biomass of Stipa grandis steppe was 87g/m2 in dry 1980 and 210g/m2 in rainy 1981, and their height     

大亚湾海域浮游动物生物量变化特征

通过对1982-2005年在大亚湾海域开展的27个航次的浮游动物调查资料,对该海域浮游动物生物量的变化情况进行了初步的分析研究。结果表明:春、秋两季是大亚湾生物量较低的季节,目前大亚湾浮游动物生产力水平达到历史最高水平。但大亚湾海域生态环境的改变已经对浮游动物产生了巨大的影响,主要表现在以下方面:浮游动物湿重生物量的季节变化由原来的双峰型变为单峰型,生物量高峰出现时间有明显的推移;季节变化的幅度日趋加剧;生物量密集中心有向湾外逐渐推移的趋势。     

转化纤维素资源生成酒精的研究

研究了高温厌气的热纤梭菌(Clostridium thermocellum)转化纤维素物质直接生成酒精的过程,发酵产物除酒精外,还有乙酸、少量乳酸、H_2、CO_2和还原糖,还原糖的主要成份为木糖,纤维二糖和葡萄糖、诱变菌转化纤维素的能力与野生菌相比有明显提高,能发酵细小纤维、稻草和凤眼莲,酒精最大浓度可分别达4.0,3.2和9.3g/L。