On Characteristics of Production and Destruction Processes in Lowland and Mountain Tundras of the Extreme North

Parameters of the production and destruction processes in different types of tundras are compared. It is shown that there is a fairly high degree of correspondence between the structure of tundra communities and the ecotopes occupied by them. On the other hand, typologically similar lowland and mountain tundras markedly differ in the functional respect. The rate of decomposition processes is higher under environmental conditions of the mountain tundra belt.     

梦清园芦苇湿地根际微生物特性研究

本文通过对上海市梦清园芦苇湿地净化苏州河污染水体的示范工程采样分析，结果表明芦苇根际的微生物数量、酶的活性高于非根际的土壤。根际细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量均比非根际多，R／S平均值分别为70．3、9．5、2．9。相对于硝酸细菌而言亚硝酸细菌的根际效应较为明显，无论根际还是非根际的亚硝酸细菌数量均高于硝酸细菌的数量。根际细菌和硝化细菌数量随着水力停留时间增加而增加，而根际反硝化细菌数量则减少。菌剂和酶制剂的加入使得非根际泥样异养细菌、真菌、放线菌和亚硝酸细菌比对照组稍高，硝酸细菌和反硝化细菌则较少；而根际泥样中加菌剂和酶制剂组微生物数量比空白组高出1—2个数量级，在投加菌和酶制剂后酶活性无论在根际还是非根际都得到提高，高于对照组约5—6个酶活单位。     

黔东南州森林生物量研究

论述了森林生物量的发展历史、概念和研究方法。利用黔东南州最新（2005年）的森林资源连续清查数据及生物量与蓄积量之间的关系为基础，对黔东南州森林生物量进行测算。黔东南州森林生物量达6107．21万t，单位面积生物量为29．7t／hm^2。     

转锥式生物质热解装置中热载体加热方案选择与设计

根据转锥式生物质热解装置中对加热设备的要求,先后分别选择和设计了三种不同的加热方案,在实际应用中逐步了解每套加热设备的优缺点,为加热设备的改进和该项技术的应用推广奠定坚实的基础.     

生物质在固定床中的热解试验研究

介绍了用于生物质热解的试验装置及试验方法，研究了升温速率、热解温度两种关键因素对生物质热解产物得率及其分桕的影响。研究结果表明，随热解温度的升高，热解产气量增加，且其中气体产品中的有效成分也在增加，焦油和半焦减少；升温速率增加，热解气得率增加，且气体中有效可燃成分增加。     

Plant Community Composition and Biomass in Gulf Coast Chenier Plain Marshes: Responses to Winter Burning and Structural Marsh Management

Many marshes in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain, USA, are managed through a combination of fall or winter burning and structural marsh management (i.e., levees and water control structures; hereafter SMM). The goals of winter burning and SMM include improvement of waterfowl and furbearer habitat, maintenance of historic isohaline lines, and creation and maintenance of emergent wetlands. Although management practices are intended to influence the plant community, effects of these practices on primary productivity have not been investigated. Marsh processes, such as vertical accretion and nutrient cycles, which depend on primary productivity may be affected directly or indirectly by winter burning or SMM. We compared Chenier Plain plant community characteristics (species composition and above- and belowground biomass) in experimentally burned and unburned control plots within impounded and unimpounded marshes at 7 months (1996), 19 months (1997), and 31 months (1998) after burning. Burning and SMM did not affect number of plant species or species composition in our experiment. For all three years combined, burned plots had higher live above-ground biomass than did unburned plots. Total above-ground and dead above-ground biomasses were reduced in burned plots for two and three years, respectively, compared to those in unburned control plots. During all three years, belowground biomass was lower in impounded than in unimpounded marshes but did not differ between burn treatments. Our results clearly indicate that current marsh management practices influence marsh primary productivity and may impact other marsh processes, such as vertical accretion, that are dependent on organic matter accumulation and decay.     

解脂耶氏酵母菌处理含油废水的研究

利用解脂耶氏酵母菌在最佳降解条件下分别处理色拉油、餐饮油等油脂类废水和柴油、机油等石油类废水50 h.结果表明:该菌株能快速降解油脂,在油质量浓度≤2 000 mg/L时生化反应属于一级反应,对色拉油、餐饮油中油脂的降解率分别为93.30%和85.08%,同时菌体细胞大量生长,其生物量分别为1 652.7和1 940.0 mg/L,废水处理过程中pH稳定在3～4之间;但该菌对石油的降解率低,生成的生物量少,处理后废水pH维持在6～7之间.解脂耶氏酵母菌对油的降解与自身生物量的生成有关,该菌株降解油脂类和石油类物质的途径不同,产生的脂酶系统不同,使得废水的pH变化规律不相同.      

半经验生物滴滤器模型研究

生物滴滤(BTF)净化有机废气是一个复杂的过程,其数学模型往往形式繁琐、参数众多,实际应用比较困难.半经验生物滴滤模型是基于生物酶促反应基本原理(米-门方程),并在含苯废气的生物滴滤净化动态实验和生物膜静态实验等研究的基础上建立和完善的一个应用模型.为了符合生物滴滤器内的实际状况,在建模过程中引入了微生物质量浓度沿床层深度变化的函数等合理假设.模型的检验采用将静态实验所得参数代入模型计算,并与生物滴滤动态实验结果进行对比的方法.检验结果表明:在较宽的负荷、表观过滤气速范围内,该模型对滴滤器的模拟值均较符合实验值.该模型的数学形式简单,参数也较少,且主要参数,如生物膜最大净化速率,K值及微生物质量浓度分布等均可通过生物膜静态实验测得.      

欧亚大陆生物质燃烧气团的输送特征及对中国的影响

利用1997～2003年ATSR卫星火点资料,采用前向气流轨迹模式及滞留时间分析方法,研究了欧亚大陆生物质燃烧排放的时空分布特征及主要生物质燃烧区域典型排放季节低层气团的输送特征,并与MOPITT一氧化碳卫星反演资料进行对比.结果表明,春季东南亚及印度半岛生物质燃烧排放的污染气团可对中国西南、华南及华东地区的大气环境造成一定影响,尤其是四川盆地、福建和台湾周边地区;中亚、东西伯利亚及蒙古高原生物质燃烧排放的污染气团主要受西风带影响而向东输送,但明显存在一条分支经中国东北向华北或更低纬度地区输送,并逐渐下沉至大气低层,在生物质燃烧排放剧烈的年份内能够对该地区的低层大气成分造成重要影响.     

Radioecological Studies on the Plankton of the Cooling Water Reservoir of the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant

In the zone of heated water discharge and at the control site of the Beloyarsk Reservoir, the phytoplankton was characterized by dominance of blue-green, green, and pyrrophyte algae, and the zooplankton, by the prevalence of crustaceans over rotifers. The study sites differed in the species and quantitative composition of the dominant complex, but the total abundance and biomass of the phytoplankton in the heated zone and the control site did not differ significantly. In Teplyi Bay, the zooplankton was inhibited, which was manifested in the decrease of its abundance and biomass by four and seven times, respectively, in comparison with the control. Radionuclide concentrations in the plankton of the cooling reservoir in the period between 1986 and 1988 were determined. It was found that radionuclide concentration in the plankton is higher in the zone of heated water discharge than beyond it.