工伤保险与安全管理

从我国安全管理实际出发,分析了借助于工伤保险的经济杠杆作用实现国家对企业安全管理制约机制的必要性,并对建立制约机制有关的指标体系及综合评估模型,以及该机制实现等问题进行了深入探讨.     

酸雨与镧对大豆幼苗生长的复合伤害效应研究

为探索酸雨与稀土镧对大豆幼苗生长的复合影响及其内在机制,以重要油粮作物大豆(Glycine max)为材料,研究在模拟酸雨pH分别为3.0、3.5、4.5与稀土镧La(Ⅲ)浓度分别为60、100和300mg·L-1处理下大豆幼苗生长及光合作用的变化.结果表明,相对单一酸雨与镧处理,酸雨与La(Ⅲ)复合处理组中大豆幼苗的生长受抑制程度增大,两者呈协同效应,且pH越低,La(Ⅲ)浓度越高,抑制效应越明显.光合参数的变化规律与生长指标近同,相同处理组各光合参数的降幅不一致,其中最大荧光(Fv/Fm)和叶绿素含量(Chl)的降幅范围分别为9.53%～22.75%和9.14%～24.53%,较净光合速率Pn(22.78%～84.7%)、希尔(Hill)反应速率(15.52%～73.38%)和Mg2+-ATPase活性(14.51%～71.54%)小,表明各光合参数对2个胁迫因子的敏感程度存在差异.进一步相关性分析发现,Pn变化主要受Hill反应速率与Mg2+-ATPase活性的影响,而Chl、Fv/Fm次之.表明酸雨与La(Ⅲ)对植物光合过程各环节的作用机制不同,光合作用受阻是影响植物生长的重要因素之一.     

Spatial variability of organochlorine pesticides （DDTs and HCHs） in surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing, China

The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs (including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-isomers) and total DDTs (i ncluding p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT) in the surface soils tested were in the range from nondetectable to 31.72 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 0.91, and from nondetectable to 5910.83 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 32.13,respectively. It was observed that concentrations of HCHs in all soil samples and concentrations of DDTs in 112 soil samples were much lower than the first grade (50 μg/kg) permitted in "Environment quality standard for soils in China (GB15618-1995)". This suggests that the pollution due to organochlorine pesticides was generally not significant in the farmland soils in the Beijing alluvial region. In this study, the spatial distribution and trend of HCHs and DDTs were analyzed using Geostatistical Analyst and GS (513).Spatial distribution indicated how these pesticides had been applied in the past. Trend analysis showed that the concentrations of HCHs,DDTs, and their related metabolites followed an obvious distribution trend in the surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing.     

植物重金属伤害及其抗性机理

讨论了二个问题：（1）重金属对植物伤害效应及伤害机理。其中包括重金属对植物细胞质膜透性,水分代谢、光合作用、呼吸作用、碳水化合物代谢、氮素代谢、核酸代谢、植物激素等生理生化过程,生境以及矿质营养的伤害效应,在伤害机理中讨论了植物体内原有的离子平衡系统,大分子物质活性和自由基与伤害的关系。（2）植物对重金属抗性及抗性机理。其中包括植物对重金属的抗性概念,例证,分类,抗性机理包括植物限制重金属离子吸收,重金属与体外分泌物结合,重金属的排除,根系富集,与细胞壁结合,在液泡中积累,形成类－金属硫蛋白或植物络合素,加强抗氧化系统等与植物抗性的关系,参85     

洛阳市大气污染特征与相关气象要素24小时变化分析

通过对洛阳市环境空气监测资料的统计,归纳出洛阳市区日内24小时环境空气污染变化特征,并结合同步气象观测资料综合分析,找出了二者之间的联系特征。引入气温日较差这一便于观测、预报的气象要素表征空气污染物垂直扩散特征,为今后进行污染预报提供了新的思路。     

Non-UV based germicidal activity of metal-doped TiO2 coating on solid surfaces

A stain-based screening method was developed to screen different catalyst coatings for their germicidal activity. A Baclight dead/live bacteria viability kit （invitrogen, molecular probes） was used for staining the cell. The screening was carried out following a standard procedure. This included loading cell suspension to solid surface and maintaining contact for 30 min, then staining with a mixture containing dyes. The stained cells were observed using an epifluorescent microscope and photographed with a CCD camera under UV. Metal-doped TiO2 coatings on AI plates were prepared and tested for non-UV germicidal activity without using UV. It was tested using model microorganisms such as Bakers Yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli. On the basis of the germicidal activity of catalyst and the degree of damage caused to the cells, the stained cells may appear green （viable）, green with red or yellow nuclei and yellow （compromised） or red （nonviable）. According to their stained color, cells were counted to calculate the percentage of dead, live, and compromised cells. Compromised cells are cells that grow very slowly after reculturing indicating a degree of reversible cell damage. Screening the germicidal activity using this staining method is accurate and efficient, and requires less time than the culture-based method. A modification to the procedure for measuring germicidal activity of rough surfaces or fibrous coatings was developed. Both TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 （Ag, Pt, Au, Cu） possess non-UV based germicidal activity. The germicidal activity of TiO2 was found to be related with its wetting property and can be improved by UV irradiation before testing. It is not greatly affected by contact time, indicating a fast acting germicidal activity.     

Traumatic brain injury-related hospitalizations and deaths among American Indians and Alaska natives — United States, 2008–2014

IntroductionDespite progress, injury remains the leading cause of preventable death for American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), aged 1 to 44. There are few publications on injuries among the AI/AN population, especially those on traumatic brain injury (TBI). A TBI can cause short- or long-term changes in cognition, communication, and/or emotion. Methods: To describe changes over time in TBI incidence by mechanism of injury, injury intent, and age group among AI/ANs, the CDC analyzed hospitalization and death data from the 2008–2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), respectively. Results: From 2008-2014, the incidence of TBI-related hospitalizations increased by 32% (1,477 in 2008 to 1,945 in 2014) and resulted in a 21% increase in age-adjusted rates of people hospitalized with TBI. TBI-related deaths increased in number (569 in 2008 to 644 in 2014) and age-adjusted rate (22.7 in 2008 to 25.4 in 2014) by approximately 13% and 12%, respectively. Motor-vehicle crashes were the leading cause of TBI-related deaths among AI/ANs aged 0–54 years. Practical application: Prevention efforts should focus on increasing motor-vehicle safety and advancing prevention strategies for other leading causes of TBI, including: falls, intentional self-harm, and assaults.     

论煤矿安全长效机制中经济杠杆的作用

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的进一步完善和国民经济的持续高速发展,安全生产也面临着新的挑战。在以煤炭生产为代表的高风险行业中建立“长久”而又“有效”的安全生产机制,必须坚持科学发展观,严格遵循经济规律,充分发挥经济杠杆作用。笔者结合我国煤矿安全生产的实际状况,从加强煤矿企业资本管理制度、实行煤炭资源有偿使用制度、建立税收优惠政策、强化煤矿安全保险制度、提高职工伤亡抚恤标准、推行煤矿负责人安全风险抵押金制度和实施煤炭行业人才培养体系改革等方面,提出了煤矿安全生产长效机制建设的新举措。     

内蒙古煤炭行业的清洁生产及其相关技术的研究

本文在对内蒙古自治区煤炭行业发展现状分析的基础上,借鉴国内外煤炭行业及其企业推行清洁生产的实践经验,以循环经济"3R"原则,即减量化、再使用、资源化为指导,针对煤炭行业的污染特性,对适合本地区煤炭行业实施清洁生产的主要内容和相关技术进行了研究.