La对Pb伤害大豆幼苗的影响

以盆载法研究了Ｐｂ对大豆幼苗的伤害及Ｌａ对Ｐｂ伤害的生态生理效应．结果显示,１０００ｍｇＬ－１ＰｂＡｃ２能严重抑制大豆幼苗代谢与生长,叶面喷布３０ｍｇＬ－１ＬａＣｌ３１次,能减轻Ｐｂ造成的毒害．实验证明,此与Ｌａ能增加大豆幼苗光合速率,提高叶绿素含量与硝酸还原酶活性,降低细胞质膜透性与体内Ｐｂ含量,维持ＴＴＣ还原力等多种作用相关     

农民工工伤保险先行赔付机制的可行性研究

由于我国现行工伤保险赔付机制的不完善,致使农民工在出现工伤之后由于企业没有缴费而得不到救助。为改变这种状况,现在政府推行的扩大工伤缴费覆盖面和简化工伤受理补偿的程序,固然能够取得一些成效,而配套实行先行赔付的机制,会更为便于操作和更为直接有效。这种机制的实质是,克服传统行政管理的不足,真正运用社会化的方式,实现工伤员工享受工伤补偿的普惠性,促使用人单位、政府和司法有关部门能够把工伤社会保障的责任切实承担起来。     

The effect of work hours on adverse events and errors in health care

Introduction

We studied the relationship between registered nurses' extended work duration with adverse events and errors, including needlestick injuries, work-related injuries, patient falls with injury, nosocomial infections, and medication errors.

Method

Using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, this secondary analysis of 11,516 registered nurses examined nurse characteristics, work hours, and adverse events and errors.

Results

All of the adverse event and error variables were significantly related to working more than 40 hours in the average week. Medication errors and needlestick injuries had the strongest and most consistent relationships with the work hour and voluntary overtime variables.

Discussion

This study confirms prior findings that increased work hours raise the likelihood of adverse events and errors in healthcare, and further found the same relationship with voluntary overtime.

Impact on Industry

Legislation has focused on mandatory overtime; however, this study demonstrated that voluntary overtime could also negatively impact nurse and patient safety.     

Bystander injury evaluation of children from midwestern agricultural operations

Background

With more than a million youth living on agricultural operations, it is important for parents to understand the consequences of bystander injuries that children experience in these environments. We identified the childhood injuries for bystander status and compared the severity of these injuries to the working children in the Regional Rural Injury Study-II (RRIS-II).

Methods

RRIS-II followed 16,546 children (∼ 85% of eligible) from rural communities in the Midwest for two six-month recall periods in 1999 and 2001. Demographic, injury, and exposure data were collected through comprehensive computer-assisted telephone interviews. Child injuries were cataloged using narrative scenarios into four categories: (a) directly work-related; (b) indirectly work-related; (c) non-working accomplice; and (d) non-working attendant; the latter three all being bystander categories. Poisson regression modeling was used to calculate rates of bystander injuries. Frequencies were used for comparison of severity measures.

Results

Among the 463 child injuries (aged < 20 yrs), 102 were bystander injuries. Of the bystander-related injuries, 14 were identified as indirectly work-related (working bystanders), 27 as non-working accomplice (passengers/tag-alongs), and 60 as non-working attendant (playing on the operation). The overall rate of bystander injuries was 6.4 per 1,000 people, 95% CI (5.0, 8.1). Males, compared with females, had more than twice the injury rate (8.7; 95% CI 6.4-11.8, and 3.9; 95% CI 2.7-5.7, per 1,000 people, respectively). Bystanders in this population had more severe injuries with 4% having life-threatening circumstances; of these, 4% of the accomplices and 2% of the attendants subsequently died.

Conclusions

Children who live or work on agricultural operations are vulnerable to many hazards. Therefore, this study examined child injuries and found a clear difference in the consequences of these injuries between working-related and bystanding-related injuries.

Impact on Industry

Unlike occupations such as construction and mining, where laws and organizations have been created for the protection of bystanders, agricultural bystanders have remained unprotected and have had to face the consequent injury and death outcomes. As public health professionals considering these risks, it is necessary that we work to develop more intervention studies and continue to propose suggestive guidelines for child safety in these environments so as to challenge family traditions and possibly spark public policies that will give further protection to this population.     

大客车正面碰撞乘客约束系统仿真分析

为探究约束系统在全承载客车正面碰撞事故中对乘客损伤的影响,利用有限元分析软件LS_DYNA建立某大客车正面碰撞仿真模型,并开展整车50 km/h正面100％重叠碰撞固定刚性壁障试验;从车身变形、加速度曲线和乘员损伤等3方面验证仿真模型;基于已验证的仿真模型,开展不同座椅间距、车厢位置及安全带类型的乘员运动响应和损伤等综...     

环境对阿尔茨海默病病因影响

阿尔茨海默病是一种发生于老年人群的原发生退行性脑病。目前，关于ＡＤ病研究中的中心问题是弄清楚其发病的病理，如果可以抑制的一步和几步，将减缓或防止其发病，因此搞清ＡＤ病的发病机理对预防和治疗ＡＤ病相当重要。     

中小企业安全投资状况的调查与分析

近年来,我国中小企业的安全生产问题十分突出,重特大事故频发。导致当前中小企业安全生产形势严峻的主要原因之一,是企业安全投资欠账太多。笔者对江苏省某市100家中小企业安全生产状况进行了调查,并对取得的若干企业的安全投资数据进行了分析。结果显示:近5年,无论是企业安全总投资,还是企业人均安全投资,均呈现增长趋势,而企业间安全投资水平差距较大;不同行业、不同性质企业的安全投资结构和人均安全投资指标差异明显,建筑行业和原为私营性质的企业应成为政府部门监管的重点;人均安全总投资与工伤事故起数对应相关,通过加大预先的安全投入,可以有效地预防或减少工伤事故。     

AN EMPIRICAL MODEL OF FATALITIES AND INJURIES DUE TO FLOODS IN JAPAN1

ABSTRACT: This paper provides a framework for analyzing flood fatalities and injuries, and it describes the derivation of a generalized flood risk (i.e., flood consequences and their probabilities) function by introducing an integrated index (the number of residential buildings affected by a flood) that represents the major change in the power relation among the flood intensity, regional vulnerability, and resilience. Both the probabilities and the numbers of fatalities and injuries clearly increase significantly after the flood severity (in terms of the number of inundated buildings) passes a branch point. Below the branch point, it is still possible for fatalities and injuries to occur because of the variability in the data and the uncertainty in the predicted fatality values. The empirical models of fatalities and injuries due to floods in Japan suggested the usefulness in predicting fatalities and injuries and evaluating the efficacy of the warning or other emergency response measures.     

承包商管理——职业安全健康管理中的重要环节

随着市场经济的不断深入和发展,生产经营单位之间的分工与协作程度日益增加,承包商在生产经营单位的运营活动中起着越来越重要的作用,其活动已涉及生产经营活动的许多方面,直接影响到生产经营单位的安全生产管理和职业安全健康表现。现实情况表明,许多伤亡事故是由承包商作业人员造成的或与承包商作业人员有关。法律法规和职业安全健康标准也对承包商管理提出了明确的要求。因此,承包商管理,已成为生产经营单位职业安全健康管理中的重要环节。笔者从采购管制、作业管理、监测与测量3个方面讨论了承包商管理的基本内容;进而讨论了临时、长期和重点承包商管理的大思路和具体方法。     

企业分级监察模型及其应用研究

企业监察级别的划分是有效利用监察资源,提高监察绩效,实现集约型分级安全生产监察的基础.本文通过分析研究,结合我国安全生产现状,综合考虑企业自身特点和行业特性,建立了基于企业职业伤亡统计的分级监察模型,并利用该模型对柳州市502家企业的2005年监察级别进行了划分.最后,对企业分级监察模型研究中存在的问题进行了探讨.