专业化、多样性与中国省域工业污染排放的关系

集聚外部性是集聚影响工业污染排放的重要机制,不同的集聚方式对应不同的污染排放行为。以中国31个省市工业废水、工业废气、工业固废为例,基于集聚外部性理论,将工业集聚分为专业化、多样性、相关多样性和非相关多样性等4种类型,在分析工业污染排放强度空间格局特征的基础上构建计量模型考察工业集聚与工业污染排放的关系,结果表明：（1）工业废水、废气、固废污染强度的省域差异显著,空间分布上均有不断集中的趋向。（2）多样性集聚比专业化集聚更有利于降低工业污染排放强度。多样性集聚对工业废水强度下降的作用最大,对废气和固废污染的减排作用较小。产业关联是多样性集聚发挥环境“自净”效应的重要条件,相关多样性有利于降低工业污染排放强度,而非相关多样性会加剧污染排放。（3）从不同污染型产业看,废水污染型产业的专业化集聚有利于污染强度下降,而废气和固废污染型产业专业化集聚会加剧污染排放,污染型产业多样性发展均有利于污染强度下降。（4）不同集聚类型对工业污染的影响存在着区域和污染类型的异质性。（5）要进一步降低工业污染,应提高集聚产业的多样化水平,强化产业间的内在关联。同时,应根据不同区域、不同污染型产业、不同工业污染物制定差异化防治措施。     

坍塌事故已成为建筑施工中又一重大伤害事故

近年来在工程施工中因坍塌事故而造成的重大伤亡事故屡有发生。文章根据工程事故实例，对坍塌事故进行了分类剖析，探讨导致各类坍塌伤亡事故发生的原因并提出相应的预防措施。     

电视机和有线通讯设备流水线作业工人慢性肌肉骨骼损伤调查研究

电视机和有线通讯设备的生产，均采用流水线作业方式，３９０名生产工人的主要慢性肌肉骨骼损伤有手疲劳、右臂疲劳及肩痛，与对照人群比较，Ｐ〈０．０５差异显著。手痛、腕痛、颈痛及上下背痛虽多于对照人群，但无统计学意义，这与Ｌａｏｐａｊａｒｒｉ和ｓｈｉｈａｎ 等报告不同，这可能与当时工厂定额相对较低，全天纯劳动工时相对短有关     

火灾烟气伤害机理和伤害模型

建筑物发生火灾时，燃烧产生的烟气对人构成主要威胁。本文分析火灾烟气的伤害机理，提出烟气伤害指数概念及其计算方法，探讨它在材料防火性能评价和建筑物火灾安全评价方面的应用可能性。     

邮局分拣工慢性肌肉骨骼损伤调查研究

对２７５名邮局分拣工的调查发现，其慢性肌肉骨骼损伤主要涉及手、腕、臂、肩、上背及下背，与对照人群比较，Ｐ〈０．０５，差别显著。另外腱鞘囊肿的检出率达４．７３％ ，明显高于对照人群     

Electromagnetic field levels in the working environment in radio and TV stations

Electromagnetic field sources used for communication always have been subject of serious interest. There are many publications concerning exposure and risk assessment of the working in such environment. Results of epidemiological study performed in Bulgaria in the 1990's show exceeding of the maximal permissible values especially in radio stations for the personnel in 24 h working shift [Israel et al. (1992). Study of the electromagnetic in its influence on personnel working in radio and TV stations, Report, National Centre of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition; Israel and Tomov (2001). Epidemiological study of the effects of radiofrequency radiation on operators in radio, TV and relay stations, Proceeding of the Eastern European Regional Meeting and Workshop “Measurements and Criteria for Standard Harmonization in the field of EMF Exposure” and WHO EMF Standards Harmonization Meeting, Varna, Bulgaria, 28 April—3 May, 2001, pp.145–153]. In the last years the situation is strongly influenced by the development of the technology which leads to changes in equipment in radio and TV stations, using lower power, facilitate the working regime. The paper presents data of exposure assessment of different professional groups in selected radio and TV stations. Assessment is being performed on basis of EMF parameters values and energetic load calculations according to the national legislation. Data are compared with the results of previous investigation to evaluate the new situation in this branch. Exposure levels are much lower than those in the previous study, and lower compared to the exposure limits, as well [Israel et al. (1992). Study of the electromagnetic in its influence on personnel working in radio and TV stations, Report, National Centre of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition; Israel and Tomov (2001). Epidemiological study of the effects of radiofrequency radiation on operators in radio, TV and relay stations, Proceeding of the Eastern European Regional Meeting and␣Workshop “Measurements and Criteria for Standard Harmonization in the field of EMF Exposure” and WHO EMF Standards Harmonization Meeting, Varna, Bulgaria, 28 April—3 May, 2001, pp.145–153].     

Agricultural work related injury and Ill-health and the economic cost

This paper contains a literature review of the occupational injuries and ill-health in agriculture world-wide and a survey of the attempts that have been made to estimate the resulting economic and social costs. Agricultural workers suffer a wide variety of disorders as a result of their occupation. These range from minor (cuts, bruises) to more severe (deep wounds, fractures), permanent (amputation, spinal cord injury) and fatal injury. Ill-health as a result of contact with animals, micro-organisms, plant material dusts or chemicals are associated with certain types of agriculture. There is an underlying but unquantified incidence of pain, stress and injury as a result of ergonomic problems due to poor working procedures and conditions. Statistics from many countries or regions show that agriculture consistently has one of the highest accident and injury rates of the industrial sectors. There are many causes for the work related injury and ill-health in agricultural workers. In developed countries, tractors and other machinery cause a significant proportion of the accidents and are a major cause of occupational deaths. In less developed countries, accidents due to hand tools such as hoes, sickles and cutting instruments are most prevalent. Animals are a significant cause of injury and ill-health in many countries. Debilitating allergic reactions in the respiratory tract or the skin are caused by exposures to organic dusts, or by contact with allergenic plants in the field respectively. Where comparative data are available, occupational pesticide poisoning in agriculture is a small proportion (< 1–4%) of the total work related disorders. Because of the wide variety of occupational risks to agricultural workers, it is emphasised that if one type of agricultural practice is replaced by another then the risks from the alternative procedure need to be considered. If, for example, agrochemical pest control practices are replaced by methods involving the increased use of machinery, draught animals or manual operations, then an assessment of the resulting risks should be taken into account. Some of the economic costs of occupational injury and ill-health in agriculture can be quantified directly, such as medical costs, the cost of rehabilitation and loss of earnings. Other costs are more difficult to estimate such as loss of opportunity and income foregone for permanent and fatal injury and for the effect on a victim’s family. The estimation of the overall economic costs to farming communities and national agriculture requires further development. When one agricultural practice is replaced wholly or partly by another, for example agrochemical pest control by alternative control methods, then it is necessary to take into account the occupational health costs of the alternative procedure for realistic comparative assessment. There are a number of issues which require continued or increased attention by the relevant national and international authorities and by the agricultural industry. These include the improved collection and collation of occupational health statistics, a better understanding of the extent of ergonomic problems in agriculture, more realistic assessments of the cost of occupational injury and ill-health and the continued need to reduce occupational health disorders by appropriate training and education in agricultural practices and the use of agricultural equipment.     

实施《工伤保险条例》的难点及对策

针对深入贯彻实施<工伤保险条例>的情况,提出了当前存在的难点有:工伤认定政策放宽带来的难点以及工伤保险与预防、康复存在事实上的脱节现象.采取了5个方面的对策:实施教育及激励约束机制,加强工伤认定工作的研究,完善工伤保险中的事故预防机制,以及建立工伤预防基金、强化安全"三基"工作.     

码头油品蒸气云爆炸事故危害评价

运用“蒸气云爆炸”模型,对某码头油品蒸气云爆炸事故危害程度进行分析评价,得出油品爆炸事故危害程度分布的规律,为码头安全运行提供参考。     

超声波及其联用技术处理有机污染物的研究进展

论述了超声波及其联用技术降解有机污染物的原理,影响因素和效果,国内外现状及发展趋势。指出超声波与其他方法联用可以大大提高有机物的降解效率,在处理难降解、有毒、有害有机污染物方面,特别是在净化环境,处理优先控制污染物方面有极大的应用前景。