Ecotypes diversity in autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb): A single plant with multiple micronutrient genes

Elaeagnus umbellata, a member of the Elaeagnaceae family, is native to Pakistan, China, India, Korea, and Japan. It is found commonly at altitudes ranging from 1200 to 2100 m and thrives on eroded and degraded land due to its ability to fix nitrogen. The plant also grows under variable pH (4-8) and drought, and is used locally as fuel wood, fencing, fodder, basket making, and shelterbelts. The fruit of the plant is well known for its essential nutrients and medicinal compounds such as vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, carotenoids (lycopene), soluble solids, and sugars. Medicinally, it is widely believed to protect against myocardial infections, pulmonary infections, and various forms of cancers. Ten ecotypes from variable microclimatic conditions were investigated for their morphological, molecular and biochemical diversity improvement and commercialization purposes. Comparisons and disabilities indicated significant variability in terms of morphological (plant height, number of branches, thorn size and number, leaf area, fruit size, 100 fruit weight, and yield), molecular (SDS-PAGE), and micro- and macronutrient (vitamin C, Fe, mg, P, Na, K, essential oils, and sugar) bases among the ecotypes. This variability will be helpful in developing commercial varieties of the plant utilizing the conventional techniques of selection and hybridization for economic activities. The plant has ample quantities of multiple micronutrients, thus indicating their expression through a powerful promoter at one place (fruit mesocarp). Efforts to identify and isolate the micronutrient genes (vitamin A, C, E, and Fe), the deficiency of which causes malnutrition and disabilities within the population of developing countries. Micronutrient genes have also been initiated for their characterization and future transformation into staple food crops for stable bio-fortification.     

内蒙古河套灌区春小麦挥发性有机物排放特征

于2021年5月下旬至6月中旬,采用动态箱采样法对内蒙古河套灌区17种春小麦排放生物源挥发性有机物(BVOC)进行了研究,同时记录了温度、湿度和光合有效辐射(PAR)等参数.结果表明:内蒙古河套灌区春小麦主要排放异戊二烯、α-蒎烯和甲苯,生长期其排放率分别为(0.85~39.31),(2.60~14.32)和(6.41~35.39)ng/(g·h),成熟期其排放率分别为(1.75~7.99),(1.11~5.81)和(1.91~25.61)ng/(g·h);生长期异戊二烯、单萜烯类和BTEX标准状态(T=303K,PAR=1000µmol/(m²·s))下排放率分别为(12.92±5.14),(11.98±7.13)和(23.13±7.32)ng/(g·h),成熟期分别为(2.47±0.64),(5.73±1.19)和(14.23±5.27)ng/(g·h),生长期的排放率明显大于成熟期;一定环境温度和PAR范围内,河套灌区春小麦BVOC排放率与环境温度和PAR均呈指数相关,具有明显的日变化特征,但环境温度超过45℃时会抑制其BVOC排放率.     

District heating and ambivalent energy transition paths in urban and rural contexts

ABSTRACT

Most institutions and industrial actors believe that district heating infrastructure can play a key role in accelerating the transition to low-carbon energy systems. In this article we test this belief in Italy, starting from a census of all existing plants, subdivided by sources of supply and business organization models. We isolate two types of district heating (urban and rural) and find that they are different with respect to their approaches to energy transition. In rural areas, networks constitute systems that can empower the local techno-institutional complex to achieve a technological leap. Set in a pre-existing social network, district heating reinforces a sense of community and facilitates the involvement of various local players in a collective project. In the case of biomass, we are faced with local systems that have almost completed the transition with regard to the production of thermal and sometimes electric energy. In urban areas, on the other hand, networks represent functional devices for the stabilization of the techno-institutional complex. They allow cities to work on the circularity of some economies, generating added value from the same factors of production. The discrepancy between urban and rural contexts thus highlights the need to consider the ambivalence of district heating technology.     

上海市宝山区城镇化对农业用地环境质量的影响

利用环境风险指数法,对上海宝山区2003和2007年城镇农业土壤重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn环境风险进行评价;从人口、经济、社会生活和生态环境4方面构建城镇化水平综合评价指标体系,并对宝山区2003和2007年城镇化水平进行综合测度,探讨宝山区城镇化水平与农业土壤环境风险指数间的定量关系。结果表明,与2003年相比,2007年宝山区农业土壤重金属Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn含量增加明显,农业土壤重金属综合环境风险加剧,环境风险在空间上表现为由东南向西北方向扩展态势;城镇化水平提升明显,城镇化水平与环境风险指数间存在明显正相关关系;目前宝山区城镇化发展模式不利于农业环境质量保护。     

基于GECM与CA+ANN模型的土地资源优化配置与模拟

土地资源优化配置是土地科学研究的热点。论文在前人研究成果的基础上,以多目标动态规划方法中的逐步宽容约束(GECM)方法为基础,以社会、经济和生态效益为系统目标,设置8个方面的GECM约束条件,对广州市花都区2020年土地利用结构进行优化配置研究,并将土地利用结构优化配置结果作为约束条件,结合人工神经网络与元胞自动机(ANN+CA)模型对研究区土地利用空间布局进行模拟。研究结果表明:①GECM是一种较好的土地利用结构优化方法,花都区2008年建设用地规模(23 097 hm²)接近于2020年的合理用地水平(28 800 hm²);②ANN+CA可以实现土地资源的空间配置与模拟,通过GECM与ANN+CA的耦合进行土地资源优化配置的结果比较符合花都区的实际情况,模拟的方案更具合理性,能实现区域土地资源优化配置的时间与空间的统一。     

征地前后农民感知变化与征地意愿的结构方程模型研究——以武汉市江夏区被征农户为例

论文在感知价值的框架下讨论了土地征收前后农民感知维度的变化,构建土地征收前后农民感知维度变化的测度因子与评估指标,运用结构方程模型对土地征收前后农民感知变化与征地意愿之间的关系进行了衡量。结果显示:①土地征收前后农民感知变化包括农民经济状况变化、 农田资金投入变化、 农村公共基础服务变化、 农村公共社会服务变化与农田景观环境变化5个测量维度;②土地征收后农民的经济收入状况、 农田资金投入、 农村公共基础服务、 农田景观环境等变化感知对被征地农民的征地意愿具有正向的影响,而农村公共社会服务变化感知对于农民的征地意愿影响不显著;③感知变化维度上,土地征收前后农田资金投入变化是影响农民征地意愿的主导因素,其次分别为农民的经济收入状况变化、 农村公共基础服务变化和农田景观环境变化。土地征收前后农民感知维度的变化很明确地影响到农民的征地意愿,把握两者的关系有利于政府制定有效的征地补偿和安置政策、 引导失地农民适应身份转型,为解决被征地农民的现实问题提供参考依据。     

环洞庭湖区水资源供需系统仿真及优化决策研究

论文运用系统分析的理论与方法,分析环洞庭湖区水资源供需系统的特征和各要素之间的相互作用,建立水资源供需系统模型,仿真模拟传统发展模式、发展经济型模式、节水型模式和协调型模式等四种不同情景下,2010-2030年环洞庭湖区水资源供需变化趋势.结果表明:①随着经济的发展和人口的增长,环洞庭湖区水资源供需矛盾十分突出;②在协调型模式下,模拟期末环洞庭湖区总需水量达到159.1×10⁸ m³,供需缺口最大值出现在2020年,为1.9×10⁸ m³,到2030年水资源供给能力约有3.6×10⁸ m³富余,模拟期内水资源供给基本能够满足社会经济发展的需求,且能够获得最大的综合效益,是环洞庭湖区水资源开发利用的最佳方案;③为了达到预期目标,还需增强节水意识、完善用水管理、优化经济结构,加大水利投入和环境整治,提高节水技术水平和水利保障水平.     

Prevalence of organochlorine pesticide residues in groundwaters of Kasargod District,India

The Kasargod District is the northernmost district of Kerala State and is bound between the north latitudes 12°02′27″ and 12°47′35″ and east longitudes 74°51′54″ and 75°25′25″. The present study highlights the contamination levels of organochlorine pesticides in open wells of the Kasargod District from 2010 to 2011. Maximum contamination of organochlorine pesticides (OCP's) was observed for endosulfan followed by hexachlorobenzene (BHC). Contamination levels of α-endosulfan were higher at Panathur (58?µg?L^?1) and next to Periya (37?µg?L^?1) in the postmonsoon season of 2010. During premonsoon 2011, the residue levels of α-endosulfan were higher at Panathady (56?µg?L^?1) followed by Rajapuram (40?µg?L^?1). Contamination levels of the BHC isomers exhibit the order of γ-BHC?>?α-BHC?>?β‐BHC, showing that γ-BHC represents 62% of the total OCP residues in premonsoon 2010. Among the studied OCP's, concentration levels of DDT were below detection limit. Maximum concentrations of the sum of all OCP residues were observed at Mulleria and Cheemeni (premonsoon 2010), followed by Panathur and Periya (postmonsoon 2010), and lowest in Panathady and Rajapuram (premonsoon 2011). Residues of OCP's were lowest in Paettikundu and Cheravatur in all the three seasons.     

基于支付能力与支付意愿的居民生活用水水价承受能力研究——以广州市番禺区为例

从支付能力和支付意愿的角度,应用扩展线性支出系统(ELES)模型和条件价值评估法(CVM),定量研究居民生活用水水价承受能力.以广州市番禺区为例,通过2005~2009年截面数据资料和问卷调查数据,定量研究了城镇和农村居民生活用水水价支付能力和支付意愿,并分析了2011年番禺区居民对新调整居民生活用水水价的承受能力.结果表明,2005~2009年,达到平均收入水平的番禺区居民对水价具有支付能力,其基本用水需求能得到满足,但低收入户,尤其是农村低收入户的水价支付能力有限,是水价改革应重点关注的对象;CVM调查结果显示,番禺区居民对2011年生活用水水价的支付意愿为2.163元/m3;2011年,番禺区居民生活用水价格由2.00元/m3上调为2.15元/m3,达到平均收入水平的番禺区居民对新水价具有承受能力.     

湖南鼎城农业旱灾脆弱性的变化及原因分析

农业旱灾的形成是降水不足或不均与农业生产系统脆弱性共同作用的结果,承灾体脆弱性的高低会起到“放大”或“缩小”灾情的作用,降低承灾体的脆弱性是抗灾减灾的主要和有效途径。选择湖南省鼎城区为研究区,发现在降水量及其季节分配相似,即致灾强度相似的两个年份（1988年和2001年）,粮食因灾损失量前高后低。通过建立包括作物需水亏缺指数、耕地的灌溉便捷指数、耕地平坦指数、耕地生产投入指数等7个指标的评价指标体系,分别对1988年和2001年该区的农业旱灾承灾体脆弱性进行评价。结果显示该区的承灾体脆弱性明显降低,分析其原因,发现作物结构调整（中稻播种面积比例的适当增加）、耕地条件和生产力的改善、利用灌溉条件能力的提高有效地降低了该区农业旱灾承灾体脆弱性,减小了粮食生产的因灾损失。为致灾因子相似、承灾体脆弱性不同会“放大”或“缩小”灾情提供了实证案例。