用活性填料催化氧化-硝酸吸收法脱除氮氧化物的研究

为了提高硝酸吸收氮氧化物的效率,对活性填料催化氧化-硝酸吸收NOx进行了研究.结果表明:活性填料能明显提高NOx的吸收效率;当NOx中NO2体积百分含量增加,其吸收效率增加;随进气浓度和液气比的增大,NOx吸收效率增加;随NO2浓度的增加,NO的吸收效率先增加后减少,在NO/NO2为3时,NO吸收效率最高;随NO的增加NO2的吸收效率先增加后减少,在NO/NO2为0.6～1之间,NO2的吸收效果较好.     

Carrousel氧化沟工艺处理造纸中段废水

介绍Carrousel氧化沟系统处理某纸厂造纸中段废水设计与运行情况,以及存在问题与建议。     

低强度超声波强化污水生物处理中超声辐照周期的优化选择

为了对低强度超声波强化污水生物处理的重要工艺参数———超声辐照周期进行优化,采用城市污水处理厂的好氧活性污泥为试验材料,以好氧呼吸速率(Oxygen Uptake Rate,OUR)和TTC-脱氢酶活性(2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazoliumchloride-dehydrogenase activity,TTC-DHA)为指标,研究了频率35kHz、强度0.3W/cm²的超声波辐照10min后0～48h污泥活性的变化规律,发现超声辐照处理后8h污泥活性达到最大值,24h后超声波的强化作用基本消失.随后分别以8h和24h为超声辐照周期,进行了反复超声辐照处理试验.结果表明,当采用超声辐照周期为8h时,第2次超声辐照后污泥的活性就开始明显下降,3次辐照后污泥的活性下降到对照的一半;当采用超声辐照周期24h时,每次超声辐照后污泥活性依然有所升高,但是随着超声辐照次数增加,其升高的幅度逐渐降低.考虑到设备投资及处理效果稳定性,应采用8h的超声处理周期,每次只处理反应器内一定比例的污泥以避免反复超声引起的污泥活性下降.根据上述现象分析了低强度超声波改善污泥活性的机理.     

Effect of oxidation treatment on the adsorption and the stability of mercury on activated carbon

Oxidation treatment on the adsorption and the stability of Hg on activated carbon （AC） was inrestigated. Both MnO2-AC and FeCl3-AC were produced during oxidation treatment. The measurement of modified AC＇s mercury adsorption capacity was conducted in a simulated coal-fired flue gas by adsorbing test apparatus. TCLP and column leaching methods were used to test the stability of mercury adsorbed on ACs. The results indicate that the oxidation treatment changed the pore structure of the AC and modified the carbon surface by creating chemical components such as MnO4^-, Mn^4＋, O, NO^3-, Fe^3＋, Cl^-, etc. The Hg sorption capacity on MnO2-AC or FeCl3-AC was about three times higher than that of untreated carbon. In addition, the mercury control cost of each of the formers was about the half cost of the untreated carbon. The stability of Hg absorption was studied, it found that mercury adsorbed on the oxidation treated AC was not better than that of untreated carbon. It could concluded that the insoluble form of Hg is very important to the stability of mercury adsorbed on AC. This study suggests that the FeCl3-AC is the best absorbent for Hg with high adsorption capacity, better Hg adsorption stability in leaching environment, and lower cost among the three ACs tested.     

Removal of phenol by activated carbons prepared from palm oil mill effluent sludge

The study was attempted to produce activated carbons from palm oil mill effluent （POME） sludge. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced was evaluated in aqueous solution of phenol. Two types of activation were followed, namely, thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800%, and physical activation at 150% （boiling treatment）. A control （raw POME sludge） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced. The results indicated that the activation temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity by the activated carbon （POME 800） in aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon of POME 800. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values ofpH （2--3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200--300 mg/L）, The equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon POME 800 was studied in terms of pseudo-first and second order kinetics to predict the rate constant and equilibrium capacity with the effect of initial phenol concentrations. The rate of adsorption was found to be better correlation for the pseudo-second order kinetics compared to the first order kinetics.     

Biosorption of cadmium(Ⅱ) and lead(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge

The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions by using dried activated sludge has been investigated in batch systems. Effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were determined. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the uptake processes of the two metal ions(Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)) followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The FT-IR analysis showed that the main mechanism of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption onto dried activated sludge was their binding with amide I group.     

焦化废水中氨氮废水处理的应用与研究

焦化废水是一种氨氮和有机物浓度较高的难生化降解有机废水.综述了目前焦化废水处理方法中物化法、生化联合法和新型生物脱氮法的原理、应用以及研究进展情况,并指出了各种方法存在的问题.     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床工艺活性污泥特性的研究

对厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器中活性污泥的特性进行了研究。结果表明,载体上生物膜的形成和发展经历吸附、局部挂膜和完全挂膜３个阶段,在此过程中,微生物群演变由以球菌占优势,逐步过渡到丝状菌占优势,厌氧污泥的活性随之提高。酸化状态下的活性污泥表面有许多链球菌和大量的胞外聚物,污泥活性较低。     

废水生物除磷机理的研究——循序间歇式生物脱氮除磷处理系统中微生物的组成

考察了在不同运行阶段,间歇式生物脱氮除磷处理系统内活性污泥混合蔽中细菌总数及主要细菌组成的变化特性。试验结果表明:①在稳定运行期,试验装置内活性污泥混合液中细菌总数大大多于启动期(约大26倍);②在启动运行期,活性污泥混合液中的优势菌为气单胞菌属;其次是假单胞菌属;没有发现不动杆菌属。在稳定运行期间,优势菌是假单胞菌属,其次是气单胞菌属和棒杆菌属。     

改性PAN基活性碳纤维的SO2吸附性能

为了探索提高聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）活性碳纤维（ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ）对ＳＯ２的吸附性能,采用加入不同的活性组分对自制的ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ进行改性;研究了ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ和经过不同改性后的ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ对ＳＯ２的吸附性能。取得性后活性碳纤维为改性前平衡吸附量４ ２倍以上;为活性炭的１０倍左右（ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ６２．９ｍｇ／ｇＡＣＦ,ＡＣＦ－ＰＡ（Ⅱ）１－４型１１３．６－１４３．７ｍｇ／ｇＡＣＦ,活性炭１４．９ｍｇ／ｇ