接触絮凝-氧化法处理活性染料废水

将接触絮凝工艺应用于活性染料废水的处理,具有处理效果好、产泥量少、处理费用低等特点。经接触絮凝工艺后,废水的CODCr由3639mgL降低到1463mgL;再经H2O2Fe2+氧化法处理,CODCr进一步降低到220mgL,色度去除率达到98%以上,基本达到排放要求。     

磷酸铵镁法处理焦化厂高浓度氨氮废水

介绍了酸铵镁(magnesiumammoniumphosphate,MAP)法处理高浓度氨氮废水的技术,研究了药剂配比、反应pH值以及药剂选择等因素对氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,当在剩余氨水中投加MgCl2·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O药剂,Mg2+∶NH+4∶PO3-4的摩尔比为1.4∶1∶0.9,反应pH值为8.5~9.5的条件下,原水的氨氮浓度可由2000mg/L降到15mg/L。并通过对反应沉淀物的结构成分分析,探讨了MAP作为有效缓释肥开发利用的可行性。     

活性污泥法处理味精厂废水的工艺优化

经过总结与改进武汉味全食品有限公司近 5年污水处理工艺、设备 ,结果表明 ,经过增加三级曝气池、罗茨鼓风机等工艺改进 ,SS由 132mg/L降为 112mg/L ;NH3 N由 119mg/L降为 37 6mg/L ;Ar OH由 0 0 1mg/L降为 0 0 0 9mg/L ;BOD5由 5年前的 34 6mg/L降为现在的 2 1 2mg/L ;COD由 5年前的 117mg/L降为现在的 6 2 6mg/L ;运行成本由 85 0万降到 4 5 0万 ,通过此工艺的改进及优化 ,基本达到国家污水排放标准 ,完全达到行业排放标准     

投加颗粒活性炭和二氧化锰对剩余污泥厌氧消化的影响

厌氧系统添加碳和金属纳米材料是强化厌氧消化的有效策略.为考察投加GAC和MnO₂对剩余污泥厌氧消化过程的影响,设置了空白组（R0）、GAC组（R1）、MnO₂组（R2）以及GAC/MnO₂组（R3）4组间歇实验,研究GAC和MnO₂的投加对剩余污泥厌氧消化效率、微生物活性和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,反应器运行28 d后,与R0相比,R1和R3的产CH₄速率分别提高了68.18%和51.35%,R2的产CH₄量降低了21.25%.GAC和MnO₂的单独或者混合投加,对厌氧发酵过程均有促进作用.Mn²⁺与剩余污泥释放的磷酸盐生成磷酸盐沉淀对厌氧代谢通道的阻塞作用,造成R2产CH₄效率变低.GAC优良导电性、吸附能力和MnO₂/Mn²⁺的催化作用是R3产CH₄效率增强的主要原因.正常代谢条件下,投加GAC、MnO₂和GAC/MnO₂均可以提高污泥厌氧消化系统微生物活性.微生物群落分析表明,GAC和MnO₂促进了产甲烷菌Methanobacterium和Methanosaeta的富集,强化了发酵细菌和产甲烷菌的种间电子传递,促进了剩余污泥厌氧发酵过程和CH₄的产生.     

Systematic analysis of microfauna indicator values for treatment performance in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant

The indicator values of microfauna functional groups and species for treatment performancewere systematically evaluated based on the continuous monitoring of the entire microfauna communities including both protozoa and metazoa over a period of 14 months, in two parallel full-scale municipalwastewater treatment systems in a plant in Beijing, China. A total of 57 species of ciliates, 14 species (units) of amoebae, 14 species (units) of flagellates and4 classes of small metazoawere identified,with Arcella hemisphaerica, Vorticella striata, Vorticella convallaria, Epistylis plicatilis and small flagellates (e.g. Bodo spp.) as thedominant protozoa, and rotifers as thedominant metazoa. The abundance of the sessile ciliateswas correlatedwith the removals of BOD 5 (Pearson’s r = 0.410, p < 0.05) and COD Cr (r = 0.397, p < 0.05)while the testate amoebaewas significantly positively related to nitrification (r = 0.523, p < 0.01). At the same time, some other associationswere also identified: the abundances of the large flagellates (r = 0.447, p < 0.01), the metazoa (r = 0.718, p < 0.01) and species Aspidisca sulcata (r = 0.337, p < 0.05)were positively related to nitrification; the abundance of Aspidisca costatawas correlated to the TN (total nitrogen) removal (r = -0.374, p < 0.05 ); the abundances of the sessile species Carchesium polypinum (r = 0.458, p < 0.01) and E. plicatilis (r = 0.377, p < 0.05)were correlatedwith the removal of suspended solids.     

Effect of calcium on adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon

We investigated the effect of calcium ion on the adsorption of humic acid (HA) (as a target pollutant) by powered activated carbon. The HA adsorption isotherms at different pH and kinetics of two different solutions including HA alone and HA doped Ca²⁺, were performed. It was showed that the adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for HA was markedly enhanced when Ca²⁺ was doped into HA. Also, HA and Ca²⁺ taken as nitrate were tested on the uptake of each other respectively and it was showed that the adsorbed amounts of both of them were significantly promoted when HA and calcium co-existed. Furthermore, the adsorbed amount of HA slightly decreased with the increasing of Ca²⁺ concentration, whereas the amount of calcium increased with the increasing of HA concentration, but all above the amounts without addition. Finally, the change of pH before and after adsorption process is studied. In the two different solutions including HA alone and HA doped Ca²⁺, pH had a small rise, but the extent of pH of later solution was bigger.     

Effect of mass fraction of long flame coal on swelling pressure and microstructures of cokes

Long flame coal are abundant and widely distributed in China, but the resource utilization is quite low, the production efficiency is not high. Stamp-charging coke making technology can bend some long flame coal, which can reduce production cost and expand the coking coal resources. The long flame coal of different mass fraction is added into prime coking coal including fat coal from Longhu, 1/3 coking coal from Xinjian and coking coal from Didao in experiment. The swelling pressure is tested on-line detection using pressure sensor in coke making process, and the pores are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, the swelling pressure first increase and then decrease with the temperature increased and the maximum swelling pressure reduces gradually with mass fraction of the Long flame coal from Shenmu increased in coke making process. The SEM images of resultant coke display that the coke get more and more loose and the amount of pores is increased with mass fraction of the long flame coal from Shenmu increased. The amount pores and the pore diameter both is minimum for coking coal from Didao as prime coking coal under the same fraction of long flame coal.     

污泥活性炭深度处理焦化废水的试验研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料、氯化锌为活化剂,制备得到污泥活性炭AC-Z。借助比表面积测定和红外光谱分析表征污泥活性炭的物理化学性质。采用瓶点法静态吸附实验和动态柱吸附实验研究AC-Z对焦化废水生化尾水中COD和色度的去除效果。瓶点法静态试验表明:AC-Z对COD和色度的去除率随着pH的增大而减小,随投加量的增加而增大;AC-Z对COD和色度的吸附为吸热过程,COD的吸附数据符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,303 K时单层最大吸附量为117.65 mg/g;准二级动力学方程可以很好的描述303 K时AC-Z对COD的动力学吸附行为,吸附速率常数为2.55×10-3g(/mg.min)。动态试验表明:吸附流速10 BV/h,污泥吸附剂对COD和色度的去除效果较好,可以达到国家污水综合排放标准一级标准;选择质量分数5%NaOH为脱附剂时,脱附流速为5 BV/h,COD和色度的脱附率分别可以达到94.1%和91.1%以上。     

活性污泥工艺的多目标优化分析

研究了多目标优化方法在活性污泥工艺优化中应用的可行性,以国际水协(IWA)发布的基准仿真模型BSM1的工艺流程为对象,以出水水质、过程能耗和反应池体积的指标为优化目标,以反应池池容(5个)、混合液回流量、污泥回流量、污泥排放量、反应池氧气传质系数(3个)等11个变量为决策变量,构建了基于BSM1的多目标优化模型,并利用MatLab非支配排序遗传算法NSGA-II进行求解,获得了BSM1多目标优化模型的Pareto解.研究结果表明,在Dry进水条件下,通过将体积指标增大4.1%,可以明显改善出水水质指标(降低81.5%),能耗指标也能得到一定改善(降低13.3%);在3种进水条件(Dry,Rain,Storm)下,相对于BSM1工艺参数的缺省值,利用本研究的优化解作为工艺参数,均能不同程度改善出水水质、降低能耗.研究结果显示,在活性污泥过程不同目标之间进行权衡可以通过多目标优化方法来实现.     

KOH活化法制备牛粪活性炭的研究

以牛粪为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭,并考察了浸渍比、活化剂浓度、活化时间和活化温度等不同制备条件对牛粪活性炭样品性能的影响.实验结果表明,在浸渍比1∶4、KOH质量分数35%、活化时间60min、活化温度700℃条件下制备的活性炭性能最佳,制得的活性炭比表面积为979.8m2·g-1,碘吸附值可达796.37mg·g-1,亚甲基蓝吸附值可达150.30mg·g-1.最后,将制备的牛粪活性炭应用于对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,研究了最佳工艺条件下制备的活性炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的适宜条件.结果表明,在投加量为8g·L-1时、吸附时间90min、pH值为5和较低温度的适宜条件下,自制牛粪活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量最大.