负载镍锌氧体木质素基活性炭吸附磺胺噻唑

以碱木素为原料热解制备碱木素基活性炭(LAC),在此基础上添加硝酸镍、硝酸锌等,用水热合成法成功制备出负载镍锌氧体的木质素基活性炭(NiZn-DO/LAC).通过SEM、BET、XRD等仪器对木质素基活性炭性能结构进行表征,并研究其在水溶液中对于磺胺噻唑(ST)的吸附.结果 表明,所制得的木质素基活性炭具有明显的三维多...     

污水厂曝气节能智能优化控制系统

针对国内大部分污水厂现有曝气控制中存在着溶解氧浓度波动大、曝气量冗余大、曝气单元能耗高等问题,提出曝气节能智能优化系统,该系统通过获得A/O工艺实时的在线数据不断进行模拟计算,然后按照生化池进水的污染物负荷状况,以曝气能耗最小为目标函数来获取最优的DO设定值及其PI控制器的参数Kp、Ki。该智能优化系统在沥滘污水厂的实际应用情况表明:该系统在盫こ鏊实那榭鱿拢唤鎏岣吡讼低车目垢汉沙寤髂芰Γ苯档土?曝气能耗。     

底泥性质和分布密度对颤蚓迁移运动的影响

通过实验室模拟颤蚓的迁移,研究了颤蚓分布密度、底泥性质对颤蚓迁移运动的影响.结果表明,分布密度增大引起食物短缺,颤蚓迁移率首先增大,之后由于迁移运动的能量消耗导致迁移率减小,当分布密度大于8×104条.m-2后,颤蚓对食物极度竞争使其开始大规模迁移,最大迁移率为36.75%.底泥有机质在丰富颤蚓食物源,增大其迁移率的同时,也降低了溶解氧浓度,导致迁移率减小,有机质含量由3.93%增加至5.90%时以迁移率增大为主,大于5.90%时则以迁移率减小为主.TN、TP可改变底泥中微生物群落结构,引起颤蚓食物组分变化,从而影响颤蚓迁移,TN和TP含量分别在3.36～5.65mg.g-1和0.95～1.87mg.g-1范围时,TN含量的增加减小了颤蚓迁移率,TP含量的增加则增大颤蚓迁移率;继续增大含量,颤蚓对TN具有一定耐受性,迁移率稳定在20%左右,对TP则表现出排斥性,含量超过1.87mg.g-1后,迁移率从42%降为0.5%.颗粒粒径对颤蚓迁移的影响主要是由颗粒中有机质含量而非粒径本身决定,粒径小于0.15mm和大于0.55mm的颗粒适宜颤蚓生存,前者有机质含量高,后者则颗粒间空隙大,颤蚓可快速通过并获取更多的食物.     

生物膜法与活性污泥法

通过两种工艺不同特点的对比，指出了生物膜法工艺的根本特性，说明该工艺是有机污水治理的江佳选择，是炼油污水处理工艺的最佳选择．另对“无剩余污泥”提出了不同看法．     

Removal of bromate ion using powdered activated carbon

Bromate ion (BrO 3) removal from drinking water by powdered activated carbons (PAC S) in bath mode was evaluated under various operational conditions.Six kinds of PACs,including wood-based carbon,fruit-based carbon,coal-based carbon,and these three carbons thermally deoxidized in a nitrogen atmosphere,were selected to investigate their capacity on BrO 3 removal.With the highest zeta potential value and being richly mesoporous,coal-based carbon had a high and an excellent BrO 3 adsorption efficiency.The removal content of BrO 3 by per gram of coal-based carbon was 0.45 mg within 5 hr in 100 μg/L bromate solution.The surface characteristics of PACs and bromide formation revealed that both physical and chemical PACs properties simultaneously affected the adsorptionreduction process.Under acidic conditions,PAC S possessed high zeta value and adequate basic groups and exhibited neutral or positive charges,promoting BrO 3 adsorption-reduction on the carbon surface.Interestingly,the PAC S thermally deoxidized in N 2 atmosphere optimized their properties,e.g.increasing their zeta values and decreasing the oxygen content which accelerated the BrO 3 removal rate.The maximum adsorption capacity of fruit-based carbon was the highest among all tested carbons (99.6 mg/g),possibly due to its highest pore volume.Remarkably,the thermal regeneration of PACs in N 2 atmosphere could completely recover the adsorption capacity of PACs.The kinetic data obtained from carbons was analyzed using pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion models,with results showing that the intraparticle diffusion was the more applicable model to describe adsorption of BrO 3 onto PACs.     

一种活性污泥-沉淀池动态模型及其仿真应用

耦合两步硝化-反硝化活性污泥法数学模型和对流-扩散标准形式二沉池分布式参数模型,建立了一个新的活性污泥-沉淀池动态模型。基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,组态完成了某常规完全混合式AO工艺系统的仿真模型。经过模拟进行调控优化预演,所建模型能完整体现系统的状态变量随各操作变量变化而呈现出的时变性、非线性、耦合性、大滞后性等特征;所建模型可以作为工艺智能分析、挖掘、优化、预测的基本仿真备选工具。     

粉末活性炭处理酚类突发性水污染的应用研究

以苯酚和多种氯酚(CPs)为代表的酚类是一类重要的有机污染物。针对饮用水突发性酚类污染物控制,考察了粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附工艺对苯酚及CPs的去除效果,并讨论了主要影响因素。结果表明,对CPs和苯酚的吸附反应可在10~60 min、300 min内完成,吸附速率从快到慢依次为TCP、MCP、DCP、PCP和苯酚。由于酚羟基(Ar—OH)电离作用受到影响,在3~11范围内去除率随pH值升高而降低。少量腐殖酸对吸附影响不大,但TOC质量浓度超过10 mg/L时腐殖酸可产生明显竞争吸附作用。热力学拟合表明,吸附反应符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温式,苯酚/CPs在PAC上的吸附过程以物理吸附为主,且为放热反应,较低温度有利于吸附反应的进行。相比于准一级反应和孔内扩散反应,准二级动力学方程可较好地描述吸附过程。将PAC用于中山市某饮用水源的模拟突发性污染应急处理,投加10 mg/L的PAC即可有效去除原水中超过饮用水标准3~5倍的CPs类污染物,同时水处理成本仅有少量增加。     

阿司匹林生产用废弃活性炭的微波一步再生

阿司匹林生产过程中会产生大量的粉末状废弃活性炭,对环境造成了较大的影响。提出了不外加活化气体的微波加热一步再生法再生废弃活性炭,使之循环利用。通过试验考察了再生温度、再生时间和物料厚度等因素对再生活性炭吸附性能和得率的影响。在再生温度700℃、再生时间10 min和物料厚度20 mm的优化条件下,亚甲基蓝吸附量为180 mg/g,再生活性炭的得率为40.875%,与常规方法再生药用活性炭相比,降低了再生温度,再生时间缩短了50%左右。此时再生活性炭的比表面积为1 296 m~2/g,平均孔径为3.016nm,适合于吸附亚甲基蓝,总孔体积为0.977 4 m L/g,其中微孔占47.81%,表明微孔和中孔都较为发达。扫描电镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱图分析表明,活性炭孔隙和表面性质得到了有效的再生恢复。微波一步再生法避免了通入活化气体而导致大量粉末活性炭被带走的问题,并且该方法具有速度快、效率高等优势。     

热改性活性炭吸附甲萘威的性能

在N2保护下采用不同高温对活性炭进行热改性,得到了4种改性活性炭(AC-1至AC-4)。采用气体吸附仪、Boehm滴定、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对活性炭表面的物化性质进行了表征。通过等温吸附试验考察了改性前后活性炭对甲萘威的吸附性能,确定了最佳改性温度为600℃,探讨了活性炭的吸附能力与其表面物化性质之间的关系。结果表明:热改性使活性炭表面的物化性质发生了改变,活性炭对甲萘威的吸附量与其比表面积、孔容、表面酸性官能团和O元素含量具有显著相关性;活性炭对甲萘威的吸附行为符合准二级吸附动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程,颗粒内扩散模型表明内扩散不是控制活性炭吸附速率的唯一阶段。     

Effect of mass fraction of long flame coal on swelling pressure and microstructures of cokes

Long flame coal are abundant and widely distributed in China, but the resource utilization is quite low, the production efficiency is not high. Stamp-charging coke making technology can bend some long flame coal, which can reduce production cost and expand the coking coal resources. The long flame coal of different mass fraction is added into prime coking coal including fat coal from Longhu, 1/3 coking coal from Xinjian and coking coal from Didao in experiment. The swelling pressure is tested on-line detection using pressure sensor in coke making process, and the pores are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, the swelling pressure first increase and then decrease with the temperature increased and the maximum swelling pressure reduces gradually with mass fraction of the Long flame coal from Shenmu increased in coke making process. The SEM images of resultant coke display that the coke get more and more loose and the amount of pores is increased with mass fraction of the long flame coal from Shenmu increased. The amount pores and the pore diameter both is minimum for coking coal from Didao as prime coking coal under the same fraction of long flame coal.