海洋平台主机烟气排放对直升机影响数值分析

目的确保南海A钻采平台直升机安全起降,直升机全年不可用概率控制在10%以内。方法通过Fluent软件数值模拟多工况、多风向风速下高温烟气在直升机甲板上方及周围空间的流动、温升及湍流分布规律,以CAP43-7标准所推荐直升机起飞和降落的安全原则为判定依据,分析计算温升和湍流对直升机起飞和降落的全年影响概率。结果综合得出直升机不可用概率理论值,M1工况为8%,M2工况为9%。结论模拟计算结果为平台主机烟管及直升机甲板布置方案的确定提供理论依据,为平台直升机起降操作起到指导作用。     

MnO2催化O3处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物

研究利用MnO₂催化O₃氧化技术对准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物进行处理.系统研究了臭氧投量、二氧化锰投量和初始pH值对有机物的去除效果和反应动力学.通过UV-Vis和3D-EEM技术对渗滤液尾水中溶解性有机物分子结构在O₃/MnO₂体系的转化进行了探究,在此基础上,运用XRD、SEM、EDS和XPS对二氧化锰的催化机理进行研究.结果表明：在反应时间为20min,O₃投量为18.92mg/min,初始pH值为3时,添加0.2g/L的MnO₂能显著提升有机污染物的去除能力,较单独O₃作用,其COD、UV₂₅₄、色度CN的去除率分别提升了24.66%、4.95%和12.57%,并且生色团的有机物最易被臭氧氧化降解.紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光显示,O₃/MnO₂体系能使废水中腐殖质降解,其有机物的芳香性程度、分子量和缩合度均降低,体系对苯环类化合物的降解效率提高,最终,废水的可生化性得到显著提高.与此同时,反应前后MnO₂未出现新增价态峰值的变化,Mn（Ⅳ）在催化过程中占主导地位,MnO₂在O₃/MnO₂体系中协同机理为MnO₂催化O₃产生羟基自由基以及MnO₂在体系中转化为水合二氧化锰,改变催化剂表面理化性质与有机物形成复合物,以此促进羟基自由基的选择性,从而提升了难降解有机物的去除效果.     

矿化垃圾生物反应器中的细菌多样性分析

为探究准好氧生物矿化垃圾床处理渗滤液过程中的微生物作用机理,研究建立了16S r DNA克隆文库及PCRRFLP技术以研究矿化垃圾反应器的细菌多样性。结果表明:矿化垃圾反应器细菌具有高度多样性,反应器内有36种细菌分别属于13个纲,变形菌纲占绝对优势占70%(其中β-变形占56.5%,γ-变形菌纲占10%),拟杆菌纲、鞘氨醇菌纲,芽孢杆菌纲也具有一定优势;3%的Nitrosomonas属是渗滤液氨氮转化成亚硝酸盐氮的主要功能微生物,由于亚硝酸盐氧化菌不存在或丰度极低,因此造成反应器内亚硝酸盐积累;Thauera属(17%)和Thiobacillus denitrificans属(10%)是反应器内主要优势微生物属,是反应器内反硝化脱氮的功能微生物,由于Thauera属在好氧条件下具有反硝化特性,Thiobacillus denitrificans为严格自养反硝化菌,因此反应器脱氮主要途径为好氧反硝化、自养反硝化。     

基于信息平台的现役电子装备质量过程控制

目的构建一个快捷和高效的信息化管理平台,用于开展现役电子装备质量过程控制。方法通过装备服役阶段的质量过程控制现状,对其控制难点进行分析,设计合理的质量过程控制方法和控制流程,并对构建一个快捷和高效的信息化管理平台提出初步探讨。结果装备服役阶段的质量过程控制现状是重要性认识不足、信息平台不完善、投入资源不足。根据装备质量过程控制的难点,得出了装备质量过程控制要素,建立了综合性质量信息管理系统框架,提出了信息数据对产品的质量提升和高层决策起着重要的作用。结论建立装备全寿命的质量信息系统,可强化装备在全寿命周期的质量过程控制,促进装备持续改进,提高服务保障效率,对部队日常使用训练提出合理化建议。     

海洋石油钻井平台生产性噪声慢性暴露对血清皮质醇水平的影响

采用自身对照试验,利用个体噪声剂量系统检测海洋石油钻井平台作业人员在作业期间生产性噪声个体暴露水平(40 h等效声级),采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别检测噪声暴露作业前后血清皮质醇水平,并分析血清皮质醇水平变化与噪声暴露水平和暴露时间的关系。结果表明:噪声暴露作业后,全部作业人员血清皮质醇水平明显升高(p0.05,α=0.05);不同噪声暴露水平作业人员血清皮质醇水平差别没有统计学意义(p0.05);噪声暴露20 d的作业人员血清皮质醇水平明显高于噪声暴露≤20 d者(p0.05)。血清皮质醇水平变化与噪声暴露水平没有显著关联性,而与噪声暴露时间呈明显的正相关(p0.05)。研究表明,生产性噪声慢性暴露使血清皮质醇水平升高,且暴露时间是主要影响因素。     

地铁屏蔽门安全系统分析及改进

地铁屏蔽门夹人事故时有发生,对其事故树进行分析获得导致事故发生的基本事件重要度排序,结果表明,安全系统与警示装置的不完善是造成事故的主要因素。由此提出对红外探测系统和警示灯系统进行改进以减少地铁屏蔽门事故。     

Management of life extension for topsides process system of offshore platforms in Chinese Bohai Bay

Technological advances in exploration and production mean that production platforms in Chinese Bohai Bay have many developments that are now operating beyond their original design life. As equipment ages, there are increasing challenges to maintain its integrity. Issues related to LE management of offshore facilities in government regulations, industrial associations and international oil companies were investigated. The results showed that emphasizing the requirements of labor union and industrial associations was a great feature in Norway, which was practical in Chinese Bohai Bay. Therefore, with the combination of the LE management system in Norway with the current situation in Chinese Bohai Bay, LE management model which integrates RBI, RCM, FMECA, and SIL risk assessment methods together was designed in order to improve understanding and ensure that LE issues were addressed across all aspects of asset management during the entire LE period. Finally, an example of three production offshore platforms on a gas field in the Bohai Bay was used to go through the LE management process and address the issues in each phase. The suggestions for improving LE management and technologies were given.     

Analysis of gas dispersion and ventilation within a comprehensive CAD model of an offshore platform via computational fluid dynamics

Maintaining an adequate air flow with a desired air quality that is free from hazardous gases is among the most important actions taken toward the improvement of safety in any process plant. Due to the increased focus on the consequences of existing hazardous material on safety, health, and the environment, air quality and sufficient ventilation within a plant has been increasingly considered in the design stage. This paper investigates and analyzes methane and hydrogen sulfite dispersion and the effect of air ventilation within a CAD model of an offshore platform using computation fluids dynamics (CFD). In addition, this method and its principals could be utilized in any other hazardous environment. Simulations of possible hazardous events along with solutions for preventing or reducing their probability are presented to better assess the data. These investigations are performed by considering hypothetical hazardous scenarios which consist of gas leakages from pipes and process equipment under different conditions. After drafting a precise and highly detailed CAD model of the plant and performing CFD simulations on this model, the results of gas behaviors, dispersion, distribution, accumulation, and its possible hazards are investigated and analyzed. The larger amount of details of the actual plant model in CFD simulation are obtained by using a combination of different methods and software. These include PDMS for 3-D drawing of the plan, Rinoceros for geometrical integration of the process equipment and facilities, and Sharc Harpoon which meshes the model. Moreover, the probability of inducing ignitable or toxic concentration of gases within the atmosphere and air ventilation of the unit is considered by these investigations.     

不同粒径矿化垃圾对大麦生长发育和斑马鱼胚胎毒性效应研究

将太原东山新沟垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾筛分为900~300μm、300~150μm、150~105μm、105~90μm和90~0μm共5个不同粒径范围,制备浸出液。在分析不同粒径矿化垃圾浸出液的理化指标基础上,研究了矿化垃圾浸出液对大麦和斑马鱼胚胎生长发育的影响。结果显示,矿化垃圾浸出液p H值随粒径的减小而减小,电导率、CODCr、全盐量和总氮则随粒径的减小而增大。矿化垃圾浸出液对大麦的萌发、根长和芽长均表现出抑制作用,且抑制作用随粒径的减小而显著增加,90~0μm抑制作用最强,具体表现为染毒1 d、2 d和3 d后,大麦种子处理组萌发率为对照组的39.74%、56.38%和59.81%;染毒3 d、5 d和7 d后,根长分别为对照组的57.08%、48.33%和41.66%;芽长分别为对照组的66.60%、64.79%和61.65%。斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同粒径的矿化垃圾浸出液中,胚胎生长发育的毒害作用与粒径大小呈现明显负相关关系,即在最小粒径90~0μm处理后,卵凝结、血循环异常、孵化率、心包水肿及脊柱畸形影响作用达到最大,这5个指标值分别为40.28%、50.00%、51.39%、31.94%和29.17%。以上研究表明,矿化垃圾浸出液对大麦和斑马鱼胚胎生长发育的毒性效应与矿化垃圾粒径分布显著相关,小粒径矿化垃圾(90~0μm)的生态毒性效应最大。     

“城市矿产”示范基地——我国再生资源产业化的发展方向

以前三批29个国家＂城市矿产＂示范基地为研究对象,对示范基地的回收利用规模、重点项目覆盖范围、示范基地类型做了概括性梳理,总结了示范基地建设的成功经验,分析了妨碍示范基地健康发展的问题,并提出一些预测性意见,供行业同仁参考。