卧式螺旋污泥好氧动态堆肥技术的研究

利用卧式螺旋式污泥好氧堆肥装置进行间歇式动态堆肥,对污水厂厌氧消化污泥进行了中温堆肥试验研究.通过控制各组堆肥的含水率、物料配比和通气量,重点探讨各种条件下堆体温度与有机物降解的关系.试验结果表明,厌氧消化污泥以木屑为调理剂在装置中可以实现好氧堆肥处理,其适宜的物料控制参数为:污泥:木屑=10:1～1.5(湿重比),堆肥含水率50%～60%;过程控制参数为:通风量为6.7～8.3 m3/h·t,发酵周期为8 d,温度45℃.     

微波辅助空气氧化水溶液中的PCP

采用活性炭为催化剂,对微波辅助空气氧化水溶液中的五氯酚进行了处理研究.考察了活性炭投加量、微波功率、辐射时间和通气量对溶液中五氯酚的去除率的影响.结果表明,在通气量为0.2 L/min,微波功率800 W和微波辐射60 min时,五氯酚的去除率可达到90%以上;对微波辐射前后的滤液进行紫外扫描和pH分析,可证实五氯酚被降解.     

空气自动监测站的防雷措施

介绍了雷电对空气自动监测站是如何造成危害的，阐述了雷电侵入空气自动监测站的途径及防止雷击的办法。     

Ozone pollution and ozone biomonitoring in European cities. Part I: Ozone concentrations and cumulative exposure indices at urban and suburban sites

In the frame of a European research project on air quality in urban agglomerations, data on ozone concentrations from 23 automated urban and suburban monitoring stations in 11 cities from seven countries were analysed and evaluated. Daily and summer mean and maximum concentrations were computed based on hourly mean values, and cumulative ozone exposure indices (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40), AOT20) were calculated. The diurnal profiles showed a characteristic pattern in most city centres, with minimum values in the early morning hours, a strong rise during the morning, peak concentrations in the afternoon, and a decline during the night. The widest amplitudes between minimum and maximum values were found in central and southern European cities such as Düsseldorf, Verona, Klagenfurt, Lyon or Barcelona. In the northern European cities of Edinburgh and Copenhagen, by contrast, maximum values were lower and diurnal variation was much smaller. Based on ozone concentrations as well as on cumulative exposure indices, a clear north–south gradient in ozone pollution, with increasing levels from northern and northwestern sites to central and southern European sites, was observed. Only the Spanish cities did not fit this pattern; there, ozone levels were again lower than in central European cities, probably due to the direct influence of strong car traffic emissions. In general, ozone concentrations and cumulative exposure were significantly higher at suburban sites than at urban and traffic-exposed sites. When applying the newly established European Union (EU) Directive on ozone pollution in ambient air, it was demonstrated that the target value for the protection of human health was regularly surpassed at urban as well as suburban sites, particularly in cities in Austria, France, northern Italy and southern Germany. European target values and long-term objectives for the protection of vegetation expressed as AOT40 were also exceeded at many monitoring sites.     

新装饰装修房屋室内空气中的苯系物调查

对新装饰装修房屋室内的一类主要有机苯系污染物进行了调查,调查采用吸附柱采集、GC/MS 和GC-FID测定,检测了321家居室内的苯系物.检出的苯系物有12种,苯平均浓度为0.068 mg/m^3,有86.9%的居室符合《室内空气质量标准》（GB/T18883-2002）规定的限量值,甲苯、二甲苯平均浓度分别为0.14 mg/m^3和0.41 mg/m^3,符合《室内空气质量标准》规定限值的居室分别达85.4%和73.3%.苯系物约占室内空气中TVOC的62%,浓度由低到高分别是苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯,其中二甲苯中的间二甲苯占二甲苯总量的55% .     

不同功能区空气负离子的监测分析

监测了西宁地区不同功能区空气负离子状况，以公园游览区空气负离子浓度最高，平均３５８个／ｃｍ＾３；工业区最低，平均浓度２５９个／ｃｍ＾３。各功能区空气负离子浓度明显不同，Ｐ〈０．０１。用空气负离子浓度、空气离子单级系数和安培空气质量评价指数评价各功能区空气质量，从好到差依次为：公园游览区、生活居住区、商业交通繁忙区、工业区。３种评价指标结果相同，符合一般规律。     

焚烧秸秆对城市空气质量的影响及对策

通过夏收季节农民焚烧秸秆的烟尘，引起对城市环境空气质量变化的分析，结果表明：焚烧秸秆对城市环境空气质量有很大影响，使环境空气质量明显下降，而主要污染物为可吸入颗粒物PM10。有关部门应采取有效措施，禁止焚烧秸秆，同时应积极为农民寻找合理利用秸秆的途径，减少对城市空气的烟尘污染。     

EuroBionet: a pan-European biomonitoring network for urban air quality assessment

EuroBionet, the 'European Network for the Assessment of Air Quality by the Use of Bioindicator Plants', is an EU-funded cooperative project currently consisting of public authorities and scientific institutes from 12 cities in 8 countries. In 2000, the bioindicator plants tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Bel W3), poplar (Populus nigra 'Brandaris'), spiderwort (Tradescantia sp. clone 4430), Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum italicum) and curly kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) were exposed to ambient air at 90 monitoring sites according to standardised methods. Visible injuries and growth parameters were assessed and the accumulation of toxic substances in leaves determined. The exposure of tobacco resulted in a gradient with low levels of ozone-induced foliar injury in N and NW Europe, and medium to high values in the southern and central regions. The results of heavy metal and sulphur analyses in rye grass samples generally showed low to very low sulphur and low to medium heavy metal concentrations in leaves. In some cities, however, local hot spots of heavy metal contamination were detected. Analyses of the PAH contents in curly kale leaves gave low to medium values, with locally elevated levels at traffic-exposed sites.     

Exchange of sulfur pollution between Bulgaria and Greece

The EMAP model (Eulerian Model for Air Pollution) is applied for calculating the sulfur concentration and deposition fields for 1995 as based upon Bulgarian and Greek sources. The country-to-country budgets show that about 4% of the sulfur oxides emitted by Bulgaria are deposited over Greek territory, estimated at 28 kt S. Only 2% of sulfur compounds emitted by Greece are deposited over Bulgaria, estimated at 6.2 kt S for 1995. This data is in agreement with EMEP/MSC-W estimates and provides more details concerning time and space. The results can be used in decision-making, negotiating and the development of contamination strategies.