北京市空气质量时间变化特点分析

本文以北京市为例,对北京市2000—2004年的空气质量日报（包括首要污染物,污染指数,空气质量级别以及空气质量状况等）进行分析研究,得出其年变化和月变化的特征以及中重度污染日的分布特征,结果表明,从2000年到2004年中,北京市2001年和2002年的污染颇为严重,其平均的污染指数为113和112。北京市一年中,冬季污染较为严重,尤其是12和1月两个月份,这与北京市的能源结构是密切相关的。2001年是中重度污染日最多的年份,为23天;中重度污染日持续天数最多的是8天,是在2002年4月份;中重度污染多发生在3月份、4月份以及11月份,北京市的首要污染物是可吸入颗粒物。     

High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using MM5-CMAQ system

High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality. This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use. This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka, Japan. The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region. High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model (GPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation. The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone. Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains, with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv. In addition, 1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable di erences in gross error as well as correlation. These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region, such as the Osaka region, which has complex terrain and land-use.     

主动脉动气流分选回收PC插槽中金属的实验研究

根现废弃电路板中金属与非金属的有效分选．对后续金属产品的分离提纯至关重要。为此,采用主动脉动气流对PC主板插槽破碎为5-0.5mm粒级的产品进行分选实验．并对实验结果进行正交实验设计和分析,考察不同气流速度和脉动频率对分选效率的影响,建立了综合分选效率经验模型。实验结果表明．在气流速度为2．90m／s,脉动频率为2．33Hz时,综合分选效率可达85．43％。同时,对正交实验的错配物含量进行计算,结果表明,当气流速度从2．76m／s增大到3．04m／s．脉动频率从1．96Hz增大到2．33Hz时,重产物错配物含量从23．70％减小到12．23％．而轻产物错配物含量从2．13％增大到3．86％。     

南京市环境空气质量与气象条件的关系分析

统计了2005年10月至2006年10月13个月的空气质量监测数据以及相关的气象参数（风向、风速）进行分析,找出南京市环境空气污染物的来源与重点工业区污染源的关系。     

国产小轿车车内空气质量初步调查

对使用30d和1a左右的国产中档车（排气量1．5～2．01）进行了检测,结果表明：甲醛、氨和TVOC超标;苯、甲苯和二甲苯合格。分析了污染物超标原因,提出了建议。     

葫芦岛有色金属集团废气治理对环境空气质量的影响

在研究分析葫芦岛有色金属集团近年来废气治理情况的基础上,根据葫芦岛市工业区环境空气质量监测数据,通过环境空气综合污染指数评价和Spearman秩相关系数评价,分析了废气治理对环境空气质量的影响.     

甲醛等室内主要污染物分布特征与影响评价

现代人80%以上的时间是在室内度过的,室内实际上已成为越来越多的人最直接、最经常的生活环境。与此同时,室内空气质量的优劣也越来越受到人们的关注。本文在呼和浩特市选择不同时间装修的居室,对其室内空气中甲醛、氨、一氧化碳、氡的含量进行了实测,分析了居室装修后室内主要空气污染物的污染水平以及各污染物的分布特征。数据表明,目前新近装修的居室内存在严重的甲醛污染,其超标率达到55.81%,随装修后时间的推移室内甲醛含量逐渐减少,其超标率逐渐降低,说明室内甲醛含量与室内通风状况有明显的正相关性;在所测定的居室中,一氧化碳及氨均未超标,氡的超标率为20%。     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

二次富集气相色谱法测定环境中的痕量磷化氢

本文研究了富集柱类型、富集温度和色谱操作条件等因素对二次富集气相色谱法测定环境中痕量PH3的影响,并将其应用于青岛大气和东海陆架沉积物中PH3的测定,取得了较为满意的结果.该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、分析速度快、干扰少等优点,其检测限为0.02 pg、精密度2.0%、线性范围为0.56 pg～5.6 ng.用此方法测定了冬季东海大陆架表层沉积物中PH3含量为(0.51～23.10)×10-9,其分布明显受到人类活动的影响,研究结果还表明东海沉积物中的PH3是海洋中磷的潜在来源之一;青岛崂山大气中PH3日变化趋势说明大气中PH3明显受光照的影响.     

粮食蔬菜与土壤和大气中苯并（a）芘含量的相关性研究

对山西省运城市盐湖区不同区域内小麦、西红柿、白菜和土壤中B（a）P含量的空间一时间分布及大气、土壤与粮食、蔬菜中B（a）P含量关系进行了调查研究,结果表明,粮食和蔬菜中的B（a）P主要来自大气污染的“贡献”,土壤中的B（a）P的含量也直接影响粮食和蔬菜中B（a）P的含量。当小麦子实中B（a）P的含量达到一定水平后,并不随土壤中B（a）P含量的增加而增加。