我国空气颗粒物中烃类物质的来源解析研究现状

综述了利用奇偶优势指标、最高峰碳数指标以及色谱峰型特征来判识正构烷烃的来源和利用浓度比值法、化合物的轮廓图特征法、多元统计方法和化学质量平衡法判识多环芳烃的来源,并指出这些方法特点。     

大气甲醛卫生检验方法的分析条件

对《居住区大气中甲醛卫生检验标准方法分光光度法》(GB／T16129-1995)中实验条件进行了实验研究，研究表明进口和天津显色剂的灵敏度有差别，但对测定结果无影响；最佳显色时间为2-8min；样品在0℃～4℃条件下保存4d对测定无影响。     

天津市高架点源对城区空气质量影响分析

从典型高架点源到城市众多高架源的污染进行综合分析，阐述了高架点源的污染分布特征和对城市空气质量的影响，高架点源对天津市污染物排放贡献率为45％，但对城市空气质量影响为12％。     

Integral Model for Turbulent Buoyant Jets in Unbounded Stratified Flows Part 2: Plane Jet Dynamics Resulting from Multiport Diffuser Jets

An integral model for the plane buoyant jet dynamics resulting from the interaction of multiple buoyant jet effluxes spaced along a diffuser line is considered as an extension of the round jet formulation that was proposed in Part I. The receiving fluid is given by an unbounded ambient environment with uniform density or stable density stratification and under stagnant or steady sheared current conditions. Applications for this situation are primarily for submerged multiport diffusers for discharges of liquid effluents into ambient water bodies, but also for multiple cooling tower plumes and building air-conditioning. The CorJet model formulation describes the conservation of mass, momentum, buoyancy and scalar quantities in the turbulent jet flow in the plane jet geometry. It employs an entrainment closure approach that distinguishes between the separate contributions of transverse shear and of internal instability mechanisms, and contains a quadratic law turbulent pressure force mechanism. But the model formulation also includes several significant three-dimensional effects that distinguish actual diffuser installations in the water environment. These relate to local merging processes from the individual multiple jets, to overall finite length effects affecting the plume geometry, and to bottom proximity effects given by a “leakage factor” that measures the combined affect of port height and spacing in allowing the ambient flow to pass through the diffuser line in order to provide sufficient entrainment flow for the mixing downstream from the diffuser. The model is validated in several stages: First, comparison with experimental data for the asymptotic, self-similar stages of plane buoyant jet flows, i.e. the plane pure jet, the pure plume, the pure wake, the advected line puff, and the advected line thermal, support the choice of the turbulent closure coefficients contained in the entrainment formulation. Second, comparison with data for many types of non-equilibrium flows with a plane geometry support the proposed functional form of the entrainment relationship, and also the role of the pressure force in the jet deflection dynamics. Third, the observed behavior of the merging process from different types of multiport diffuser discharges in both stagnant and flowing ambient conditions and with stratification appears well predicted with the CorJet formulation. Fourth, a number of spatial limits of applicability, relating to terminal layer formation in stratification or transition to passive diffusion in a turbulent ambient shear flow, have been proposed. In sum, the CorJet integral model appears to provide a mechanistically sound, accurate and reliable representation of complex buoyant jet mixing processes, provided the condition of an unbounded receiving fluid is satisfied.     

改善城市空气质量的研究

本文分析了风、干湿沉降在城市内大气污染物清除过程中的作用，指出平均风速对大气质量起主导作用，但在清除污染物方面干湿沉降为主要过程。要改善城市大气环境，除限制排放及高烟囱集中排放外，还可在低源群四周设置防护林带及人工雨装置来清除低源烟云，并给出了林带及人工雨带宽度的计算公式。由计算可知分割设防护带方法优于区域隔离带法。     

电石遇潮湿空气易燃危险性的评估方法及预防措施研究

针对电石遇潮湿空气释放乙炔的危险特性,以潮湿空气与电石粉尘及电石粉尘堆垛表面接触的方式,替代传统的遇湿易燃危险性测试方法,拟合得到了乙炔气体释放速率随潮湿空气相对湿度变化的方程式,提出了将乙炔气体浓度控制在低于发生火灾爆炸危险区域的潮湿空气相对湿度和稀释乙炔气体浓度的氮气保护进气流量(Q)计算公式。结果表明:电石遇潮湿空气释放乙炔气体的浓度受温度和相对湿度的影响,根据不同温度条件下潮湿空气中水汽的分压(Ps)和乙炔气体的密度(ρ乙炔),可计算得到一定气相空间内电石遇潮湿空气释放乙炔气体的浓度;潮湿空气的相对湿度可以有效表征乙炔气体的释放量,用于评估在一定气相空间内电石遇潮湿空气释放乙炔气体发生火灾爆炸的可能性。     

昆明地区酸雨时空分布及其成因初探

对1995－1999年昆明地区降雨监测资料的分析，昆明地区酸雨主要为局 地污染引起的硫酸型酸雨，酸雨污染近五年呈明显上升趋势，在空间分布上，城区酸雨频率和强度均明显强于效县。     

室内空气品质评价

文章介绍了室内空气品质的由来,并介绍了室内空气品质的定义,归纳了部分室内空气品质的影响因素和评价方法,提出了一些相关的改善措施.     

华山小区环境空气中有机污染物排放量估算

首次采用箱式模型对华山小区矸石山自燃气产生的污染物量进行估算。估算结果为：总烃36mg/m^3、1.135t／a，苯108mg/m^3,3．415t／a，甲苯7．2mg/m^3、0．228t／a，二甲苯21．6mg/m^3、0．684t／a，页岩油13．8mg/m^3、0.432t／a。     

谈双鸭山市气象特征及地形特征对空气质量的影响

双鸭山市采暖期污染较重是因为采暖期燃煤量大、低矮分散的面源多的缘故，同时气象因素及地形特征对空气质量的影响也起着相当大的作用，采用2005年空气质量监测数据，进行双鸭山市气象特征及地形特征对空气质量影响分析，得出空气较稳定的取暖期和具有山风、谷风、局地环流的地形特征是形成双鸭山市空气污染的主要原因之一，并针对地形特征及气象特征对双鸭山市空气质量的影响提出空气污染治理措施。