汽油储罐火灾爆炸事故定量安全评价方法简析

以某化工企业汽油储罐为例,针对储罐可能发生的火灾爆炸事故,采用道化学危险指数法和池火灾伤害数学模型分析两种评价方法进行定量评价,对两种评价方法的评价结果进行了对比、分析.     

利用计算机模拟研究地铁火灾气温控制

分析了地铁火灾中烟气运动的物理模型和数学模型，并结合工程实例，对地铁隧道内发生火灾情况下，各种通风方案进行计算机模拟。并确定了最佳紧急通风方案。     

油库火灾爆炸危险性分析

对某油库火灾爆炸危险性进行了定性分析,找出了发生火灾爆炸事故的主要危险因素,并提出了相应的对策.     

环境因素与飞机结构寿命

从技术分析和工程应用两个角度阐述了环境对飞机疲劳寿命和日历寿命的影响,归纳并提出了用于疲劳寿命计算和计算环境影响分析的数学模型,并从某型飞机定寿和腐蚀控制的实例中归纳出飞机设计、制造冷热工艺和维护使用中提高飞机抗环境影响能力的措施。     

Environmental problems in a coal mining area affected by coal fires ——A case study in Ruqigou Coalfield, Ningxia, China

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Chromatographic measurement of molecular markers of sources of atmospheric aerosol particles

Various organic compounds in aerosol particles in ambient air near a coniferous forest fire in Boulder, Colorado were identified as molecular markers of wood burning and forest fires. Particle samples were collected by filtering small volumes of air. The samples were analysed using thermal desorption followed by gas chromatographic separation and detection, a highly sensitive analytical method. Several compounds unique to softwood combustion were identified in the samples. Additionally, a predominance of odd-carbon-numbered n-alkanes over the corresponding even-carbon-numbered n-alkanes was observed. This predominance is a well-documented molecular pattern indicative of epicutical waxes in plants.     

Toward Meaningful Snag-Management Guidelines for Postfire Salvage Logging in North American Conifer Forests

Abstract:  The bird species in western North America that are most restricted to, and therefore most dependent on, severely burned conifer forests during the first years following a fire event depend heavily on the abundant standing snags for perch sites, nest sites, and food resources. Thus, it is critical to develop and apply appropriate snag-management guidelines to implement postfire timber harvest operations in the same locations. Unfortunately, existing guidelines designed for green-tree forests cannot be applied to postfire salvage sales because the snag needs of snag-dependent species in burned forests are not at all similar to the snag needs of snag-dependent species in green-tree forests. Birds in burned forests have very different snag-retention needs from those cavity-nesting bird species that have served as the focus for the development of existing snag-management guidelines. Specifically, many postfire specialists use standing dead trees not only for nesting purposes but for feeding purposes as well. Woodpeckers, in particular, specialize on wood-boring beetle larvae that are superabundant in fire-killed trees for several years following severe fire. Species such as the Black-backed Woodpecker ( Picoides arcticus ) are nearly restricted in their habitat distribution to severely burned forests. Moreover, existing postfire salvage-logging studies reveal that most postfire specialist species are completely absent from burned forests that have been (even partially) salvage logged. I call for the long-overdue development and use of more meaningful snag-retention guidelines for postfire specialists, and I note that the biology of the most fire-dependent bird species suggests that even a cursory attempt to meet their snag needs would preclude postfire salvage logging in those severely burned conifer forests wherein the maintenance of biological diversity is deemed important.     

Prevention and mitigation of injuries and damages arising from the activity of subliminal enterprises: A case study in Slovakia

The paper focuses on risk sources under no legislative pressure in the field of prevention of major accidents. Despite this, they can represent significant sources of risk of accidents.The aim of the paper is to present the results of the risk assessment associated with the operation of enterprises not regulated by the SEVESO III Directive (the so-called subliminal enterprises), to provide information on possible operational problems and to verify the applicability of recognized risk analysis methods for these specific sources of risk. Last but not least, its purpose is to point out that subliminal enterprises, due to their location close to residential areas or areas with a high concentration of population, pose a serious risk to the population.The paper summarizes the results of the quantitative risk assessment of a specific enterprise not included in the Seveso Directive – a filling station. Filling stations are frequently located in built-up areas with a dense coefficient of habitability. Due to their number, location (e.g. close to residential areas), frequency of occurrence of persons in the area and handling of dangerous substances during normal operation, they can have negative or even tragic consequences to the life and health of the population.Due to the non-existent risk assessment methodology for enterprises with subliminal quantities of dangerous substances and the lack of a systematic search for risk sources, a risk assessment procedure for these companies is designed.     

基于热-结构耦合分析的液化石油气储罐失效预警判定*

为研究火灾中球罐应力场分布情况,找到球罐失效破裂条件,以液化石油气为研究对象,基于球罐稳态热响应,通过ANSYS热-结构耦合有限元分析法进行研究。结果表明:充装率85%的液化石油气球罐最高温度部位出现在气相区,约619.66 ℃;最大应力值出现在气液交界处,约615.18 MPa;得到球罐破裂失效时温度值和应力值,并设置2次预警值。研究结果可为液化石油气储罐失效预警提供参考和判定依据。     

巷道火灾密闭过程中烟气温度及流动特性研究*

为研究巷道火灾密闭过程中烟气的温度变化规律及流动特性,通过缩尺寸实验台和FDS数值模拟软件对12.65,18.97,25.30 kW不同火源功率及25%,50%,75%,100%不同密闭比例条件下的巷道火灾进行模拟实验。结果表明:密闭比例的增加会使火焰倾角减小,当巷道完全密闭后,火焰形状近似垂直,顶板热辐射和温度增加;巷道在50%和75%密闭比例之间存在1个突变值,当超过此突变值后,顶板温度会急剧升高,同时燃烧会更快进入衰减阶段,且火源功率越大衰减越早;密闭比例的增加会导致烟气逆流长度上升,增加纵向通风速度可有效地抑制烟气逆流现象,当实际巷道火源功率为4 MW时,纵向通风风速设定为3.8 m/s能使烟气逆流得到较好的控制。