基于五元联系数法的进近管制员压力评价模型

空中交通管制是一项高负荷、高压力的工作。为了减轻进近管制员的压力,提出具有针对性的缓解措施,提高民航业的安全水平,建立了进近管制员压力源量表,引入五元联系数法,对进近管制员的压力情况实现了静态与动态、定性与定量的多重结合分析,构建了进近管制员压力评价模型。以某空管局为例收集数据并进行分析,结果表明,进近管制员的压力存在波浪式的发展趋势,且各压力源的态势两级分化较为严重,业务层面的因素大多处于强反势,而人为因素及设备层面的一些因素为强同势。研究表明,五元联系数法用于进近管制员压力研究是可行的,并验证了该评价模型的合理性。     

南淝河细菌群落结构的研究

为了研究受污染城市河道南淝河在进行修复前微生物群落的多样性,于2009年10月(秋季)和2010年1月(冬季)在南淝河河道中采集水样,直接从水中提取总DNA,用细菌16S rDNA的通用引物对V3区进行PCR扩增,PCR产物经DGGE(变形梯度凝胶电泳)分离后,获得水体细菌群落的DGGE指纹图谱;同时运用平板计数法对水体的异养细菌进行计数。结果表明:不同季节,不同位点南淝河的细菌群落的多样性都很丰富,但不同季节优势种有差异;相同季节临近位点细菌种群结构的相似性较高,且有顺河而下相近位点相似性增高的趋势。南淝河水体异养细菌数量秋季为20.3×103～616.3×103CFU/mL。冬季为2.3×103～53.6×103CFU/mL,冬季异养细菌数量比秋季低一个数量级,并且从上游到下游逐渐增多。但与其他同等富营养化水平的水体相比,其异养细菌含量较低。     

基于CW-MECN的冷却塔拆除爆破安全风险评价

为了对冷却塔拆除爆破过程进行安全风险评价,实现对各类影响因素的动态分析,融合信息熵理论、层次分析法和集对分析理论,提出了一种组合权重(CW)与多元联系数(MECN)的拆除爆破安全风险态势评价体系,从现场安全管理、拆除爆破方案设计、爆破施工过程管理和爆区作业环境4个方面,选取17个评价指标,建立了拆除爆破安全风险评价模型。以某电厂冷却塔拆除爆破工程为例,对建立的安全风险评价模型进行了应用。结果表明,该方法实现了冷却塔拆除爆破过程中的静态风险态势和动态风险趋势的综合评价,评价结果为此类拆除爆破施工提供了决策依据,有效弥补了现有评价方法的不足。     

海上溢油事故双目标应急物资调度模型

为满足海上溢油事故发生后的应急物资需求,最大程度减少事故带来的损失,根据海上溢油应急物资调度的特点,构建基于应急物资需求量和调度时间模糊不确定下应急成本最小和延误时间最少的双目标调度模型。引入三角模糊函数描述应急物资调度中物资需求量和调度时间的不确定性,构建模糊环境下溢油事故点对应急物资应急成本最小和应急延误时间最少的双目标模型,利用遗传算法求解,并通过算例分析证明了该方法的有效性。结果表明,三角模糊数能很好地表征调度中物资需求量和时间的不确定性及模糊属性,确定的调度方案能为海上溢油事故发生时应急物资调度提供决策依据。     

基于灰色理论的特种设备安全事故预测研究

应用灰色理论,借助于EXCEL及MATLAB软件工具,并以我国近年实际数据为基础,对我国“十二五”期间特种设备安全事故的绝对死亡人数和万台设备死亡人数进行了预测.结果表明,基于灰色理论的特种设备事故的死亡人数和万台设备死亡人数的模拟值和真实值较吻合,预测模型精度检验为好；预测指标可为特种设备安全政策制订和科学监管决策提供依据及参考.     

Complex chemical communication in the crazy ant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paratrechina longicornis</Emphasis> Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Summary. The formicine ant Paratrechina longicornis is known for its extremely opportunistic foraging behaviour. Only a single trail pheromone source, the rectum, was previously described from this ant. Our detailed examination of this ant’s chemical communication system revealed the presence of at least four sources of pheromones. Rectum, poison sac, and Dufour gland contain orientation components with decreasing effectiveness and persistence (in the sequence mentioned) as well as attractants with increasing effectiveness. Furthermore, the mandibular gland contains repellents, and a releaser of defensive behaviour. This set of various signals of different strength and persistence allows an extraordinary degree of flexibility and efficiency in the collective behaviour of P. longicornis, especially food exploitation, and thus may contribute to this insect’s overall ecological success.     

The dissolution of cooperative groups: mechanisms of queen mortality in incipient fire ant colonies

In several species of ants, queens often form temporary cooperative associations during colony foundation. These associations end soon after the eclosion of the first workers with the death or expulsion of all but one of the queens. This study examined competition between foundress queens of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Although attacks by the workers contributed to queen mortality, queens gained no advantage by producing more workers than their co-foundresses. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that the queen producing more workers during colony founding was no more likely to survive than the less productive queen. In experimentally manipulated colonies in which all the workers were daughters of only one of the queens, the mother of the workers was no more likely to survive than the unrelated queen. Queens producing diploid males reared fewer offspring but were as likely to survive as queens producing only workers. These results suggest that workers do not discriminate between related and unrelated queens within colonies. Aggressive encounters between queens were common. Queens were more likely to die or be expelled if paired with heavier queens or if they lost more weight than their co-foundress during the claustral period. Finally, when queens were separated by screens through which workers could pass, the workers usually attacked and killed the queen farther from the brood. These results suggest that queen survival is promoted by a high fighting ability relative to co-foundresses, rather than by increased worker production, and that workers respond to queen differences that are independent of kinship. Received: 8 September 1995/Accepted after revision: 5 March 1996     

木聚糖酶在纸浆预漂白中的应用试验

采用自制的木聚精酶LDA3对纸浆进行预漂白处理，可以显著降低纸浆的卡伯值。LDA3处理木浆的条件为30℃，15IU／g绝干浆，卡伯值最大落差为3．0。处理麦草浆的条件为30℃，30IU／g绝干浆，卡伯值最大落差为7。经换算分别可以降低16％和15％的有效氯用量，具有降低漂白成本和减少环境污染的显著效果。     

Ca、Fe系添加剂对废线路板热解油脱溴改质效果的影响

为了达到废印刷电路板(WPCB)热解油的脱溴和轻质化的目的,在废印刷电路板非金属粉末(WPCBNP)的热解中应用不同的添加剂(脱溴剂、脱溴剂+催化剂).首先,研究了WPCBNP的热解三相产物产率.其次,测定了热解液体产物中有机溴和无机溴的含量.最后,分析了热解油中碳原子的组成分布和组分含量.试验结果表明,使用Fe_3O_4+4A分子筛时,热解油回收率可达12.23%.热解液相产物中的无机溴含量从283.04 mg·g~(-1)减少到10.19 mg·g~(-1)(Fe_3O_4+Al_2O_3),去除率为90.47%,有机溴含量从151.13 mg·g~(-1)减少到11.07 mg·g~(-1)(Fe_3O_4+Al_2O_3),去除率分别为90.47%和92.68%.应用Fe_3O_4+Al_2O_3可将C6~C9组分(或汽油组分)含量从61.07%提高到76.75%,C10~C14组分(或柴油组分)含量从10.66%提高到13.95%,而≥C15(或重油组分)含量从28.27%降低至9.30%.通过分析热解油成分,可知油中主要含溴有机物是2-bromoPhenol和2,4-dibromo-Phenol.应用不同添加剂/组合添加剂,2-bromo-Phenol含量可降至1.22%,而2,4-dibromo-Phenol未被检出.结果表明,Fe_3O_4+Al_2O_3在WPCBNP热解油的脱溴和轻质化方面效果最好,对WPCB资源化利用具有显著的效益.     

Particulate matter emissions and gaseous air toxic pollutants from commercial meat cooking operations

This study assessed the effectiveness of three novel control technologies for particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compound (VOC) removal from commercial meat cooking operations. All experiments were conducted using standardized procedures at University of California, Riverside''s commercial test cooking facility. PM mass emissions collected using South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Method 5.1, as well as a dilution tunnel-based PM method showed statistically significantly reductions for each control technology when compared to baseline testing (i.e., without a catalyst). Overall, particle number emissions decreased with the use of control technologies, with the exception of control technology 2 (CT2), which is a grease removal technology based on boundary layer momentum transfer (BLMT) theory. Particle size distributions were unimodal with CT2 resulting in higher particle number populations at lower particle diameters. Organic carbon was the dominant PM component (> 99%) for all experiments. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds and showed reductions with the application of the control technologies. Some reductions in mono-aromatic VOCs were also observed with CT2 and the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) CT3 compared to the baseline testing.