基于UAHP的采空区稳定性模糊综合评判

为准确评判矿山采空区稳定性等级,通过分析采空区稳定性各影响因素,确定地质、水文、采空区几何参数、环境等4个2级指标为影响其稳定性的主要因素。运用层次分析法(AHP)并结合模糊数学理论,建立采空区稳定性2级模糊综合评判模型。用区间数表示评判结果,分析处理评判矩阵得到专家评判的相似度和差异度,进而获取专家评判的可信度,建立基于不确定型层次分析法(UAHP)的采空区稳定性模糊评判方法。实例计算结果表明:在Ⅰ级评判指标中,地质构造、周围开采影响、地下水活动程度、跨度对采空区稳定性影响较大;用该采空区的稳定性等级为Ⅱ级。用该方法能得出各影响因素的综合权重,准确评判采空区稳定性等级。     

一种改进的帧差法实现火焰目标分割

针对传统船舶火灾报警系统采用的传感器在远离火灾源时很难探测到初期火灾的特性,提出了利用摄像头模式识别的方法来探测火源的构想,将顶置鱼眼摄像头作为图像传感器,在一个较大的范围内探测初期火灾,提出了一种基于火焰闪点位置的交叉性与聚合性的帧差算法,实现火焰目标分割识别.该方法是在实时视频流中,对连续两帧图像进行帧差,根据闪点位置的交叉性排除运动物体的干扰,再根据闪点的聚合程度排除一部分游离的干扰闪点,最后得到疑似火焰区域.对疑似火焰区域二值化、抽取轮廓、再由种子点位置确定火焰外形.此法能够高效地从视频图像中分割出火焰,从而为火灾的初期预防报警提供高效识别手段.     

GB/T 7702-2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》标准的研究

通过对GB/T 7702-2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》的修订,研究了国际上先进国家的ASTM、JIS、ГОСТ同类标准内容。本系列标准除等同采用部分国际先进标准外,还结合本国特点增加了部分国外标准没有的内容,同时着重对碘吸附值测定进行了深入研究,确定了国际先进的碘吸附值试验方法。     

基于单片机甲烷浓度监测的研究

设计了一种基于单片机来实现的甲烷浓度检测和报警功能的系统,该检测系统以AT89S52单片机为核心,包括有电源电路、传感器采集电路、信号放大电路、红外遥控电路、声光报警电路、显示电路等功能模块组成,通过传感器采集电路采集信号,输出与甲烷浓度对应电压信号,把电压信号进行A/D转换后送入单片机,经单片机处理后驱动器显示出被测气体甲烷浓度值,若被测甲烷浓度大于报警电路预设数值,报警电路发出报警,可以及时切断供电系统,防止瓦斯爆炸事故的发生.该系统采用高精度敏感元件,集成运算放大器INA128,ADc0809,以及远距离高可靠性通信芯片,且具有高速的处理能力,是一种电路设计新颖,参数测量准确,操作方便的甲烷浓度报警监控系统,实现了数字瓦斯气体的实时监控.为实现数字化井下测控和可视化综合管理提供了切实可行的方案.     

载重车辆超载检测与阻止装置研究

针对载重车辆严重的超载问题,对车辆超载的起因、危害、检测方法等进行了深入的分析,提出了一种基于光电式位移传感器的车辆超载检测与阻止装置,并对其进行了结构设计与原理分析。利用车辆载荷与车身高度之间的对应关系,在车辆静止的状态下,通过检测车架与车桥的距离,判断车辆的载荷情况。根据超载情况提供不同的超载报警提醒,甚至切断起动机电源线、喷油器供电线及点火信号线,使发动机无法起动或正常工作,从而从源头上阻止车辆超载现象的发生。     

Why do male Callosobruchus maculatus beetles inseminate so many sperm?

Male Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) inseminate more sperm than females can effectively store in their spermathecae. This study examines the adaptive significance of excess sperm transfer by measuring components of male and female reproductive success in response to manipulating the number of sperm inseminated. The number of sperm transferred during copulation was reduced from 56,000 ±4,462 to 8,700±1,194 by sequentially mating males to virgin females. Reducing the number of sperm inseminated by the first male to mate had no effect on the extent of sperm precedence, but reducing the number of sperm inseminated by the second male resulted in a significant reduction in the extent of sperm precedence. When large numbers of sperm are inseminated the remating refractory period of females is increased. These results indicate that males transferring large numbers of sperm during copulation have a two-fold advantage at fertilization; they are more effective at preempting previously stored sperm and they are likely to father more offspring by delaying the time of female remating. The transfer of excess sperm does not appear to serve as nonpromiscuous male mating effort; the number of eggs laid, their fertility and the subsequent survival of zygotes were unaffected by manipulating the number of sperm inseminated. The underlying mechanisms of sperm precedence were also examined. Simple models of sperm displacement failed to accurately predict the patterns of sperm precedence observed in this species. However, the results do not provide conclusive evidence against the models but rather serve to highlight our limited understanding of the movement of sperm within the female's reproductive tract.     

浅谈代数问题中的数形结合

对数与形的结合在代数解题中的广泛应用作了一些归纳和扩充,主要概括了它在求函数值域与极值(最值)、解不等式(不等式组)、解方程(方程组)三个方面的应用.通过一些典型例题,提出了相应的方法与常用的技巧,因此,数与形不再是分离的主体,而是紧密地结合在一起,并渐渐形成了许多新型数学分支.     

Among- and within-population variation in sperm quality in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum

Sperm competition models on the evolution of sperm size assume associations with another sperm quality trait, sperm longevity. Sperm length can also provide an indication of possible mechanisms affecting motility and thus fertilization success. Despite their importance, however, detailed mechanisms of sperm competition at the gamete level are poorly understood. In simultaneously hermaphroditic land snails, sperm traits and cryptic female choice are assumed to be crucial in determining fertilization success. We examined the variation in sperm length and number among individuals from four natural populations of the land snail Arianta arbustorum, a species with multiple mating and long-term sperm storage. We also assessed variation in velocity, motility and longevity of sperm in snails from two of the four populations. Independent of shell size, sperm length differed among populations and, to a minor extent, even among individuals within populations. Mean sperm length of a snail was not correlated with the number of sperm delivered in a spermatophore. The mean sperm velocity (=VCL) did not differ between snails from two populations. However, VCL varied among snails. Percentage motility and longevity of sperm differed between snails from the two populations. No correlations were found between length, velocity, percentage motility and longevity of sperm. To conclude, individual snails differed in sperm quality, and this variation may partly explain the differential fertilization success between A. arbustorum snails. Moreover, our findings did not support the positive association between sperm length and longevity assumed by sperm competition models for internally fertilizing species.     

Emergence of increased division of labor as a function of group size

Empirical evidence suggests that division of labor in insect societies is positively related to group size both within and across taxa. Response threshold models (RTM) have been commonly used to analyze patterns of division of labor. However, these models have been explored empirically and theoretically for only a limited number of tasks, and few studies have examined predictions of the model as colony size and work availability change. We theoretically examine how group size influences division of labor using a fixed response-threshold model. We simultaneously explore how expected by-products of increased colony size, including demand (total work need relative to total work force available) and task number, affect this relationship. Our results indicate that both low demand and high task number positively influence division of labor. We suggest that these changes parallel what is observed within social groups as their size increases, and that, in part, the commonly observed increased division of labor with increasing group size is emergent.     

郑州市大气监测优化布点的研究

利用物元分析法，在大气污染普查基础上，以郑州市污染最严重的季节（冬季）的数据为准，构造大气环境监测的标准物元矩阵，求出关联函数值，进行了大气监测点的优选，并与用模糊聚类选出的点位相比较，来验证郑州市目前已有测子丫建立的合理性，并以此证明物元分析法是环境监测优化布点的一种可靠的方法。