沸石生物基材料促进污泥消化工艺研究

将活化沸石在厌氧状态下进行生物膜挂膜,制成沸石生物基材料并将其运用于城市剩余污泥消化中,研究沸石生物材料促进污泥厌氧消化的效果。结果表明:沸石生物基材料对污泥总固体量和挥发性固体都有较好的去除效果,去除率分别在50.4%～62.8%和56.8%～81.4%,其中粒径为200目的风干沸石生物基材料对污泥总固体减重率高达62.8%;对污泥上清液中氨氮和COD的去除效果明显且稳定,沸石生物基材料在风干状态下对污泥消化的促进效果更佳。     

ASBR反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮II:反应动力学

研究了ASBR厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)反应器稳定条件下周期内的基质动力学特性以及过程抑制动力学特性,并得到适合描述上述特性的动力学模型.其中,稳态下周期内基质去除模型是首次被调查研究,研究发现,修正的Logistic模型和修正的Boltzmann模型相比Grau二级基质去除模型和修正的Gompertz模型而言,更适合描述稳态下周期内基质去除特性,并且通过模型得到了周期内任意t时刻下的出水总氮和总氮去除率预测公式.运用Haldane模型和Aiba模型建立了出水FA浓度与总氮去除负荷(TN RR)以及出水NO2--N浓度与总氮去除负荷(TN RR)之间的关系,结果表明:Haldane模型更适合用来描述基质抑制动力学特性,模型预测得到的出水FA和出水NO2--N抑制浓度分别为72.36mg/L和140.60mg/L.上述动力学模型的应用和动力学参数的获得可能会有助于ASBR反应器的优化设计和过程控制.     

污泥厌氧消化和后续处理中沙门氏菌杀灭及VBNC发生

应用最大或然数(MPN)培养法和反转录定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术研究了4种污泥厌氧消化方式以及后续处理过程中沙门氏菌杀灭及有活性但不可培养(VBNC)状态的发生情况.中温厌氧消化(MAD)和高温预处理后中温消化(65℃+MAD)的沙门氏菌分别减少了2.8和5.6个数量级;高温厌氧消化(TAD)和高温-中温两相厌氧消化(TPAD)的沙门氏菌含量均低于检测限.沙门氏菌的杀灭速率常数排序为65℃+MAD>TAD>TPAD> MAD.结果显示高温对病原菌的灭活效果显著增加,高温短时预处理使得杀灭速率明显加快.TAD和TPAD的污泥VBNC沙门氏菌数量高于MAD和65℃+MAD 2个数量级,表明长时间的高温厌氧消化易导致沙门氏菌进入VBNC状态.消化污泥经过离心脱水后会出现沙门氏菌数量增加的现象,MAD、65℃+MAD、TAD和TPAD的消化污泥中沙门氏菌分别增加了1.1、2.4、3.7和2.5个数量级.但其中VBNC状态的沙门氏菌数量明显降低了1~3个数量级,表明消化后污泥中部分VBNC沙门氏菌在离心脱水过程中复活并生长,使得MPN检测得到的可培养沙门氏菌数量增加,初步解释了消化污泥经离心脱水后的病原菌再生长现象.消化污泥中沙门氏菌数量在室温放置过程中会进一步下降.     

Biological treatment of the dye Reactive Blue 19 by cattails and anaerobic bacterial consortia

This study demonstrates the bioremediation potential of anaerobic sludge and cattail (Typha angustifolia) for the treatment of the dye Reactive Blue 19 (RB19). The anaerobic sludge and cattails used in this study were not previously exposed to dyes or other xenobiotics. Different anaerobic sludge concentrations (30%, 50%, and 70%) were used along fixed dye concentrations at pH 8.0 and 25 °C. Subsequently, 50% sludge was selected to treat RB19 at various concentrations. The discoloration of non-hydrolyzed dye was between 70% and 85% using 50% biomass. For the hydrolyzed form of RB19, the range of decoloration was 70%–90%. Dye treatment efficiencies between 50% and 75% were observed for the two forms of the dye when treated with T. angustifolia. Overall, the anaerobic biomass at pH 8.0 showed better potential than cattails to treat RB19. The observation that non-enriched anaerobic sludge can decolorize RB19 is important because it opens up the prospects of developing anaerobic treatment systems, which can easily decolorize dyes in industrial wastewaters and also possesses potential advantages over systems using defined bacterial cultures.     

Anaerobic decolorization of an azo dye by a mixed culture

Wool dyeing wastewater contains xenobiotic compounds that can be removed by biotechnological processes. Studies on various dyes showed that anaerobic processes are suitable to alter azo dyes as a first step of the biodegradation process. These compounds are reduced by anaerobic consortia to aromatic amines and its ultimate degradation can be achieved by a further aerobic treatment.

Studies on degradation rate of an wool acid dye were performed in batch systems inoculated with anaerobic biomass. A commercial diazo dye, Acid Red 73, was added to the synthetic medium in which glucose was used as sole carbon source.

Results indicated that the Acid Red 73 was partially degraded by a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria and a decolorization of 90% was obtained. Kinetics studies on removal of the colour showed that the decolorization rate was several times faster than the degradation rate of glucose for a range of dye concentrations between 60 mg/L and 400 mg/L. A first order kinetic model was used for dye concentrations up to 200 mg/L. For higher concentrations a model similar to the Michaelis‐Menten equation was better fitted to the experimental data.     

Performance of an ANAMMOX reactor treating wastewater generated by antibiotic and starch production processes

A pilot-scale anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was used to treat mixed wastewater resulting from a chlortetracycline and starch production process. The results, collected over the course of 272 days, show that the ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite, pH, and temperature can all affect the efficiency of nitrogen removal. The ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite was maintained at about 1:1 at a concentration below 200 mg·L^-1 for both influent ammonium and nitrite. The total nitrogen (TN) loading rate was 0.15–0.30 kgN·m^-3·d^-1, pH remained at 7.8–8.5, and temperature was recorded at 33±1°C. The rate of removal of ammonia, nitrite, and TN were over 90%, 90%, and 80%, and the effluent ammonium, nitrite and TN concentrations were below 50, 30, and 100 mg·L^-1.     

添加剂对污泥厌氧消化性能的影响

在间歇培养条件下,研究了还原型辅酶Ⅱ（NADPH）、乙酰辅酶A（Acetyl Co A）和对氨基苯甲酸（PABA）3种添加剂对污泥厌氧消化性能的影响.结果表明,3种微生物活性促进剂均能促进污泥厌氧消化产气.其中,NADPH的促进效果最为显著,消化第35 d,产甲烷量比对照组高15.90%.在污泥含固率为3%、未调初始pH（pH=6.7）和温度35℃的厌氧消化条件下,NADPH的最佳添加量为50 mg.L-1,消化第36 d,污泥累积产甲烷量127.13 mL.g-1VSS.在含固率3%、初始pH=8.5、温度55℃和NADPH添加量为50 mg.L-1的工艺条件下,污泥厌氧产气效果最佳,消化第30 d时累积产甲烷量达158.02 mL.g-1VSS.     

ABR-BAF组合工艺处理制革综合废水

针对制革综合废水有机污染浓度高的特点,采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)-曝气生物滤池(BAF)新工艺处理,试验研究了ABR和BAF的启动以及水力停留时间(HRT)、有机负荷及其他因素对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明:ABR在HRT为12 h、水温25～37℃,BAF在HRT为2.5 h、DO≥2.0 mg/L的条件下,组合工艺对制革综合废水的COD平均去除率达88%,出水COD、SS、色度、总铬等指标达DB 44/26—2001《广东省地方标准水污染物排放限值》一级标准。     

高浓度有机牧场养牛废水处理工程的设计与运行

针对南昌某有机牧场的养牛废水悬浮物、有机物、氨氮浓度高等特点,采用厌氧消化-UASB-SBR组合处理工艺,进水COD为18～20 g/L、NH3-N为410～510 mg/L、SS为4～6 g/L,通过工程调试和运行后,出水COD、NH3-N和SS去除率分别为98.1%、76.1%、97.5%,各指标均达到了《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596—2001)的要求。对南方地区的养殖场废水处理工程具有一定的参考价值。     

水葫芦不同部位的厌氧消化特性

对水葫芦整株、茎和根分别进行批式中温厌氧消化实验,分析发酵过程中pH值,VFA,TOC,TS,VS和固形物的元素及其红外光谱特征.结果表明:在TS负荷为2.0%的条件下,水葫芦整株具有很好的产气特性,TS产气量和VS产气量分别为173.80 ml·g~(-1)和262.40 ml·g~(-1)VS,茎和根的TS产气量仅为整株的84.23%和36.03%,VS产气量仅为整株的79.13%和42.05%;整株的甲烷含量、生物转化率和固形物中H的分解率均较茎和根高;TS和VS分解率均以茎最高,整株次之,根最低;发酵过程中各处理的pH值,VFA,TOC以及固形物中的C,N的分解率差异不大.固形物的红外光谱表明,水葫芦整株直接厌氧发酵更有利于碳水化合物的分解,发酵后根产生最多的碳酸盐类物质,这与根的物质组成有关.因此,将水葫芦整株直接厌氧发酵是完全可行的,且较茎和根具有更好的发酵效果.